Human coronavirus OC43 infection associated pneumonia in a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Chang, Tsung‐Yen; Du, Chia-Jui; Chang, Chih Hsiang; Chen, Shih-Hsiang; Chen, Chih‐Jung; Chiu, Chih‐Yung; Chiu, Cheng-Hsun

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000021520

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Children with immune suppression can also lead to severe infections. 9 , 10 In this study, 82.11% of children were admitted to the Pneumology Department, while those with severe respiratory infections (15.82%) were admitted to the Critical Care Medicine Department. The Neurology (n = 9), Gastroenterology (n = 8), Hematology (n = 2) and Pediatric Surgery Departments (n= 3) also had sporadic HCoVs infection cases, indicating that HCoVs infection is mainly a respiratory system infection and easily occurs in young children, postoperative patients, and those with low immune functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clinical Study of Human Coronavirus NL63, OC43, 229E, HKU1 Infentions in Hospitalized Children from 2015 to 2020

Wen¹,

Sun²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Objective This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children infected with HCoV-NL63, OC43, 229E, HKU1 and provide the basis for disease diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical manifestations, imaging data, and treatment measures of hospitalized children with positive HCoV-NL63, OC43, 229E, HKU1 from 2015 to 2020. Results A total of 1062 children aged 33 days to 12 years were analyzed, including 879 (82.77%) between 33 days to three years. Lower respiratory tract infections were the most common in 698 children positive for HCoVs (65.72%). The incidences of runny nose, cough, pharyngeal hyperemia, and fine crackles in the mild case group (n = 894, 84.18%) were significantly higher than in the severe case group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The incidences of gasp, stridor, and convulsions, the proportion of underlying diseases, such as congenital heart disease, laryngomalacia, and general developmental disorders, anemia, and abnormal liver function, and mixed infections in the severe group (n = 168, 15.82%) were significantly higher than in the mild group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Imaging manifestations differed. Pleural effusion and atelectasis occurred in the severe cases. After treatment, patients fully recovered or improved and were discharged from the hospital. There were no deaths. Conclusion HCoV-NL63, OC43, 229E, HKU1 infection is most common in children under three years old, and the infection site is mainly the lower respiratory tract. The main clinical manifestations include fever, cough, and runny nose. Inspiratory three concave signs, respiratory failure, and heart failure occurred in the severe cases, with pleural effusion and atelectasis possibly occurring at the same time. Severe cases should be identified early so that they may be given comprehensive treatment in time to improve the prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Clinical Study of Human Coronavirus NL63, OC43, 229E, HKU1 Infentions in Hospitalized Children from 2015 to 2020

Wen¹,

Sun²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…OC43 too has been associated with development of common cold. It primarily affects the lower respiratory tract and Bronchiolitis can be observed ( Su et al, 2016 ; Hoek et al, 2006 ; Chang et al, 2020 ). HKU1 was detected for the first time in a 71 year old man with pneumonia.…”

Section: Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between hypoxia and inflammation contributes to the progression and severity of respiratory viral diseases

Bhattacharya

Agarwal

Shrimali

et al. 2021

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

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History of pandemics is dominated by viral infections and specifically respiratory viral diseases like influenza and COVID-19. Lower respiratory tract infection is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Crosstalk between resultant inflammation and hypoxic microenvironment may impair ventilatory response of lungs. This reduces arterial partial pressure of oxygen, termed as hypoxemia, which is observed in a section of patients with respiratory virus infections including SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). In this review, we describe the interplay between inflammation and hypoxic microenvironment in respiratory viral infection and its contribution to disease pathogenesis.

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“…hCoV-OC43 was first isolated in 1967 from patients who presented with upper respiratory disease, though molecular clock analysis has pointed toward its original emergence in humans from a rodent reservoir via a livestock species in the 1890s ( 4 – 6 ). Generally, hCoV-OC43 presents with mild upper-respiratory tract symptoms; however, the virus has been shown to have neuroinvasive properties as well as being capable of causing more severe disease and fatal pneumonia in rare cases in children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised ( 7 – 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human coronavirus OC43 nanobody neutralizes virus and protects mice from infection

Adair,

Tan,

Feng

et al. 2024

J Virol

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Human coronavirus (hCoV) OC43 is endemic to global populations and usually causes asymptomatic or mild upper respiratory tract illness. Here, we demonstrate the neutralization efficacy of isolated nanobodies from alpacas immunized with the S1 B and S1 C domain of the hCoV-OC43 spike glycoprotein. A total of 40 nanobodies bound to recombinant OC43 protein with affinities ranging from 1 to 149 nM. Two nanobodies WNb 293 and WNb 294 neutralized virus at 0.21 and 1.79 nM, respectively. Intranasal and intraperitoneal delivery of WNb 293 fused to an Fc domain significantly reduced nasal viral load in a mouse model of hCoV-OC43 infection. Using X-ray crystallography, we observed that WNb 293 bound to an epitope on the OC43 S1B domain, distal from the sialoglycan-binding site involved in host cell entry. This result suggests that neutralization mechanism of this nanobody does not involve disruption of glycan binding. Our work provides characterization of nanobodies against hCoV-OC43 that blocks virus entry and reduces viral loads in vivo and may contribute to future nanobody-based therapies for hCoV-OC43 infections. IMPORTANCE The pandemic potential presented by coronaviruses has been demonstrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and previous epidemics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Outside of these major pathogenic coronaviruses, there are four endemic coronaviruses that infect humans: hCoV-OC43, hCoV-229E, hCoV-HKU1, and hCoV-NL63. We identified a collection of nanobodies against human coronavirus OC43 (hCoV-OC43) and found that two high-affinity nanobodies potently neutralized hCoV-OC43 at low nanomolar concentrations. Prophylactic administration of one neutralizing nanobody reduced viral loads in mice infected with hCoV-OC43, showing the potential for nanobody-based therapies for hCoV-OC43 infections.

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Human coronavirus OC43 infection associated pneumonia in a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Clinical Study of Human Coronavirus NL63, OC43, 229E, HKU1 Infentions in Hospitalized Children from 2015 to 2020

Clinical Study of Human Coronavirus NL63, OC43, 229E, HKU1 Infentions in Hospitalized Children from 2015 to 2020

Interplay between hypoxia and inflammation contributes to the progression and severity of respiratory viral diseases

Human coronavirus OC43 nanobody neutralizes virus and protects mice from infection

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