Human Dental Pulp‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Potential to Differentiate into Smooth Muscle‐Like Cells In Vitro

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various tissue sources can be differentiated into smooth muscle-like cells (SMLCs) in vitro. In this paper, dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) were evaluated for their differentiation ability towards smooth muscle-like cells (SMLCs) under the effect of widely used cytokines (TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB) with special focus on different culturing environments. For this purpose, both the commercially used culturing plates (Norm-c) and 0.1% gelatin-precoated (Gel-c) plates were used. Isolated cells displayed plastic adherence, pluripotency and cell surface marker profiling, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential with lineage specific marker expression. Differentiated cells induced under different culturing plates showed successful differentiation into SMLCs by positively expressing smooth muscle cell (SMC) specific markers both at the mRNA and protein levels. Gelatin coating could substantially enhance DPSC differentiation potential than Norm-c-induced cells. However, the absence of mature marker MHY-11 by immunostaining results from all treatment groups further indicated the development of immature and synthetic SMLCs. Finally, it was concluded that DPSC differentiation ability into SMLCs can be enhanced under cytokine treatment as well as by altering the cellular niche by precoating the culturing plates with suitable substrates. However, to get fully functional, contractile, and mature SMLCs, still many different cytokine cocktail combinations and more suitable coating substrates will be needed.

H2O2 gel bleaching induces cytotoxicity and pain conduction in dental pulp stem cells via intracellular reactive oxygen species on enamel/dentin disc

“…Its potential differentiation ability plays an important role in the process of inflammation, repair, cell necrosis, and regeneration of dental pulp tissue [32]. Consistently with previous reports [33,34], DPSCs exhibited multi-directional differentiation ability (adipogenesis and osteogenesis) and have strong expression of stem cell surface markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105). Moreover, cultured cells were also measured by other hematopoietic markers (CD14, CD20, CD34, and CD45) to rule out the possibility that it contains hematopoietic stem cells.…”

Dental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: State of the Art

“…Due to the potential versatility and easy accessibility, DMSCs are considered to be applicable as precursors for myogenic differentiation. Several studies have demonstrated that DPSCs possess the capacity of differentiating into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro under myogenic induction (Song et al, 2016;Jiang et al, 2019;Ha et al, 2021). Most of the studies focus on bladder SMCs as well as vascular SMCs (Song et al, 2016).…”

Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement

“…Apart from this, the presence of DPSCs within the nerve was indicative of their involvement in transected nerve repair [ 39 ]. Several studies have highlighted the potential of DPSCs to differentiate into smooth muscle cells when provided with suitable myogenic induction [ 166 , 167 , 168 ].…”