Human disturbance and the activity patterns and temporal overlap of tapirs and jaguars in reserves of NW Belize

Monette, Victoria Diane; Kelly, Marcella J.; Buchholz, Richard

doi:10.1111/btp.12834

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Our results support these findings in that seasonal antipredator behaviour aligned with competing risk for deer. While humans may induce antipredator behaviour in prey (Gehr et al, 2017; Monette et al, 2020; Xiao et al, 2018), panthers represent a significant source of mortality for deer, accounting for 72% of deer mortalities compared to a minimal 0.01% attributed to humans (Bled et al, 2022). Therefore, as flooding recedes, deer may perceive humans as a lesser source of mortality compared to panthers and adjust their temporal activity to minimize risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain, recreation and risk: Human activity and ecological disturbance create seasonal risk landscapes for the prey of an ambush predator

Abernathy

Crawford

Chandler³

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Predation risk and prey responses exhibit fluctuations in space and time. Seasonal ecological disturbances can alter landscape structure and permeability to influence predator activity and efficacy, creating predictable patterns of risk for prey (seasonal risk landscapes). This may create corresponding seasonal shifts in antipredator behaviour, mediated by species ecology and trade‐offs between risk and resources. Yet, how human recreation interacts with seasonal risk landscapes and antipredator behaviour remains understudied. In South Florida, we investigated the impact of a seasonal ecological disturbance, specifically flooding, which is inversely related to human activity, on interactions between Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) and white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We hypothesized that human activity and ecological disturbances would interact with panther‐deer ecology, resulting in the emergence of two distinct seasonal landscapes of predation risk and the corresponding antipredator responses. We conducted camera trap surveys across southwestern Florida to collect detection data on humans, panthers and deer. We analysed the influence of human site use and flooding on deer and panther detection probability, co‐occurrence and diel activity during the flooded and dry seasons. Flooding led to decreased panther detections and increased deer detections, resulting in reduced deer‐panther co‐occurrence during the flooded season. Panthers exhibited increased nocturnality and reduced diel activity overlap with deer in areas with higher human activity. Supporting our hypothesis, panthers' avoidance of human recreation and flooding created distinct risk schedules for deer, driving their antipredator behaviour. Deer utilized flooded areas to spatially offset predation risk during the flooded season while increasing diurnal activity in response to human recreation during the dry season. We highlight the importance of understanding how competing risks and ecological disturbances influence predator and prey behaviour, leading to the generation of seasonal risk landscapes and antipredator responses. We emphasize the role of cyclical ecological disturbances in shaping dynamic predator–prey interactions. Furthermore, we highlight how human recreation may function as a ‘temporal human shield,’ altering seasonal risk landscapes and antipredator responses to reduce encounter rates between predators and prey.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain, recreation and risk: Human activity and ecological disturbance create seasonal risk landscapes for the prey of an ambush predator

Abernathy

Crawford

Chandler³

et al. 2023

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…Mammals are known to shift their spatiotemporal activity patterns to avoid anthropogenic stress (Monette et al, 2020). Schuette et al (2013), indicate lower apex predator occupancy in more human dominated areas owing to heavy human land‐use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apex carnivores such as tigers Panthera tigris and leopards P. pardus synchronize their activity patterns to overlap with their principal prey, whereas meso‐predators such as Asiatic wild dogs Cuon alpinus adjust their activity to avoid competition with larger carnivores and minimize kleptoparasitism while opportunistically exploiting prey (Karanth & Sunquist, 2000; Palomares & Caro, 1999; Ramesh et al, 2012). In addition, anthropogenic factors are widely acknowledged as a major threat to mammal temporal activity patterns (Bhatt et al, 2021; Monette et al, 2020). Several studies have found that mammal temporal activity patterns are influenced by the activity of humans and domesticated animals, particularly livestock and dogs (Díaz‐Ruiz et al, 2016; Gaynor et al, 2018; Mella‐Méndez et al, 2019; Podgórski et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into human‐wildlife coexistence through temporal activity pattern overlaps in a neglected tropical forest in India

Aditya

Ganesh

2022

Biotropica

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“…Recent research suggests that tapirs show little plasticity to alter their behavior, with similar activity patterns [ 130 ] or movement patterns [ 31 ] in areas under different human disturbances. Whether the species needs to tolerate human activities or can adapt avoidance strategies seems to depend on the intensity of human use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Adaptations of Lowland Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) to Environmental and Anthropogenic Impacts

Burs

Möcklinghoff

Marques

et al. 2022

Life

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The Pantanal is one of the most conserved wetland ecosystems in Brazil and a hotspot for biodiversity. Over the last decades intensification of human activities has become a major threat to the stability of the unique landscape. To establish effective conservation actions, it is essential to understand how species respond to anthropogenic and environmental regional factors. Here, data from two multiannual camera trap studies, one in the northern Pantanal and one in the southern Pantanal, were used to investigate the effects of habitat characteristics, seasons, and human interactions on the spatial and temporal patterns of lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris). Between 2010 and 2017, camera traps were repeatedly placed in consistent grids covering protected areas and areas with cattle-ranching and tourism. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models and circular statistics. Activity patterns were similar and predominantly nocturnal in both areas, but tapirs indicated avoidance toward settlements and cattle and indicated habitat preferences only in the northern study area with less anthropogenic activities. The present study suggests that both environmental and anthropogenic factors can affect the species’ spatial and temporal behavior, but tapirs show varying responses across regions and gradients of disturbance. The results indicate that adapting avoidance strategies might be more likely and effective in areas with low human pressure and sufficient protected areas as alternatives.

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Human disturbance and the activity patterns and temporal overlap of tapirs and jaguars in reserves of NW Belize

Abstract: Wild animals may perceive humans as potential threats and consequently change their behavior to avoid us (

Cited by 14 publications

References 60 publications

Rain, recreation and risk: Human activity and ecological disturbance create seasonal risk landscapes for the prey of an ambush predator

Rain, recreation and risk: Human activity and ecological disturbance create seasonal risk landscapes for the prey of an ambush predator

Insights into human‐wildlife coexistence through temporal activity pattern overlaps in a neglected tropical forest in India

Spatial and Temporal Adaptations of Lowland Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) to Environmental and Anthropogenic Impacts

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