Human ESC vs. iPSC—Pros and Cons

Pappas, Jane J.; Yang, Phillip C.

doi:10.1007/s12265-008-9032-2

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, a new type of stem cell, termed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), were generated by transduction of four defined transcription factors—OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c‐Myc—thus allowing some specialized adult cells to be genetically reprogrammed into a stem‐cell‐like state (Takahashi & Yamanaka, 2006; Wu & Hochedlinger, 2011). However, further studies revealed that iPSCs differ significantly from ESCs in many aspects (Pappas & Yang, 2008). The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs)—also known as cancer‐stem‐like cells—was introduced a few years ago and remains controversial (Clevers, 2011).…”

Section: Stem Cells At a Glancementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging roles of the FBW7 tumour suppressor in stem cell differentiation

et al. 2011

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EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ORGANIZATION 36review review FBW7 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase substrate adaptor that targets many important oncoproteins-such as Notch, c-Myc, cyclin E and c-Jun-for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. By doing so, it plays crucial roles in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cell growth, cellular metabolism, differentiation and apoptosis. Loss of FBW7 has been observed in many types of human cancer, and its role as a tumour suppressor was confirmed by genetic ablation of FBW7 in mice, which leads to the induction of tumorigenesis. How FBW7 exerts its tumour suppression function, and whether loss of FBW7 leads to de-differentiation or acquisition of stemness-a process frequently seen in human carcinomasremains unclear. Emerging evidence shows that FBW7 controls stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, survival and multipotency in various stem cells, including those of the haematopoietic and nervous systems, liver and intestine. Here, we focus on the function of FBW7 in stem cell differentiation, and its potential relevance to human disease and therapeutics.

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Section: Stem Cells At a Glancementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging roles of the FBW7 tumour suppressor in stem cell differentiation

et al. 2011

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“…In 1998, the derivation of the first human embryonic stem cells (hESC) [20] and their potential to differentiate these cells towards specialized cell types started a revolution in the field of regenerative medicine and brain repair. While the use of hESC in clinical applications has recently increased [21], in 2006, the reprogramming of human skin fibroblasts with four factors inducing pluripotency, i.e., Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-MYC [22], initiated the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC); because of their somatic cell's origin, the application of iPSC circumvents the ethical concerns pertaining to the use of hESC [23] and are considered as an alternative and dynamic system to investigate cellular, molecular, and functional aspects underlying neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.…”

Section: Ipsc: Origin and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling parvalbumin interneurons using iPSC: challenges and perspectives for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

et al. 2020

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are persistent conditions resulting from disrupted/altered neurodevelopment. ASD multifactorial etiology-and its numerous comorbid conditions-heightens the difficulty in identifying its underlying causes, thus obstructing the development of effective therapies. Increasing evidence from both animal and human studies suggests an altered functioning of the parvalbumin (PV)-expressing inhibitory interneurons as a common and possibly unifying pathway for some forms of ASD. PV-expressing interneurons (short: PVALB neurons) are critically implicated in the regulation of cortical networks' activity. Their particular connectivity patterns, i.e., their preferential targeting of perisomatic regions and axon initial segments of pyramidal cells, as well as their reciprocal connections, enable PVALB neurons to exert a fine-tuned control of, e.g., spike timing, resulting in the generation and modulation of rhythms in the gamma range, which are important for sensory perception and attention. New methodologies such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and genome-editing techniques (CRISPR/Cas9) have proven to be valuable tools to get mechanistic insight in neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Such technological advances have enabled the generation of PVALB neurons from iPSC. Tagging of these neurons would allow following their fate during the development, from precursor cells to differentiated (and functional) PVALB neurons. Also, it would enable a better understanding of PVALB neuron function, using either iPSC from healthy donors or ASD patients with known mutations in ASD risk genes. In this concept paper, the strategies hopefully leading to a better understanding of PVALB neuron function(s) are briefly discussed. We envision that such an iPSC-based approach combined with emerging (genetic) technologies may offer the opportunity to investigate in detail the role of PVALB neurons and PV during "neurodevelopment ex vivo."

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“…Can hiPSCs-generated human tissues and system biology generated software replace some of these animal studies, mimic drug metabolism and disease profiling? However, hiPSC technology has its own pros and cons, 10 particularly when it comes to mutagenic and oncogene activation risk. It appears that for the time being, for obvious reasons, we will be required to use non-human primates in drug development and safety assessment studies.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicogenomics – Getting Us a Step Closer Towards Personalized Medicine

Saini¹

2015

JIG

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Human ESC vs. iPSC—Pros and Cons

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Emerging roles of the FBW7 tumour suppressor in stem cell differentiation

Emerging roles of the FBW7 tumour suppressor in stem cell differentiation

Profiling parvalbumin interneurons using iPSC: challenges and perspectives for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Toxicogenomics – Getting Us a Step Closer Towards Personalized Medicine

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