Human Exposure to Lead in Chile

Tchernitchin, Andrei N.; Lapin, N.I.; Molina, Lucía; Molina, Gustavo Fabían; Tchernitchin, Nikolai A.; Acevedo, Carlos; Alonso, P. Suárez

doi:10.1007/0-387-30638-2_4

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These spatial variations in Pb isotopic compositions of aerosols reflect the mixing of natural Pb, alkyl Pb, and industrial Pb emissions and the different sources of alkyl Pb used in the region (Fagel et al 2010). The replacement of leaded gasoline with unleaded gasoline in Chile began in 1993, and leaded gasoline was banned there in 2001 (Pino et al 2004;Tchernitchin et al 2005). Plots of the Pb isotopic ratios indicate that the fraction of anthropogenic Pb in the sediments is small.…”

Section: Lead Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Remobilization of trace elements by forest fire in Patagonia, Chile

et al. 2015

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Temporal changes in the amounts of trace elements (As, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and their correlations with temporal changes in charcoal abundance in age-dated sediments collected from Lake Thompson in Patagonia, Chile, attest to the substantial pyrogenic remobilization of contaminants that occurred in Patagonia during the mid-1900s. This remobilization was concurrent with the extensive slash and burn period in the region during that period. The changes in concentrations of Co, Cu, and Ni in relation to charcoal abundance in the lacustrine sediments over time were small compared to those of As, Mn, Pb, and Zn. However, the relatively low enrichment factors of all those trace elements, normalized to Fe, indicate that they were predominantly derived from local, natural sources impacted by fires rather than industrial sources. The primarily local source of Pb in the sediments was corroborated by the temporal consistency of its isotopic ratios ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb: 208 Pb/ 206 Pb), which were similar to previously reported values for natural lead in Central and Southern Chile. However, the pyrogenic remobilization of both natural and industrial trace elements by forest fires in Chile and elsewhere is expected to rise as a consequence of climate change, which is projected to increase both the frequency and intensity of forest fires on a global scale.

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Section: Lead Isotopic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Remobilization of trace elements by forest fire in Patagonia, Chile

et al. 2015

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“…En Chile se han detectado poblaciones afectadas en ciudades como Arica y Antofagasta, debido a focos de contaminación ambiental procedentes de acopios de desechos tóxicos 5 .…”

Section: N V E S T I G a C I ó Nunclassified

“…1 Servicios de Neurología, 2 Pediatría, 3 Medicina Interna y 4 Consultorio Adosado de Especialidades del Hospital Clínico Herminda Martín, Chillán. 5 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Concepción. a Psicólogo Clínico b Master en Bioestadística E l plomo es un metal pesado que se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en la corteza terrestre en forma natural o como consecuencia de su empleo industrial.…”

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Efectos clínicos a largo plazo en niños intoxicados con plomo en una región del sur de Chile

et al. 2009

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“…For decades, Antofagasta has been the shipping port for minerals with lead content which come from Bolivia by railroad. The combination of uncovered mineral storage and the location of densely populated areas nearby has resulted in high exposure to lead through soil and air contamination among children living near the storage site 12 . In 1998, children living 400m around the mineral storage site at the railroad yard were evaluated for blood lead.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximity of residence to an old mineral storage site in Chile and blood lead levels in children

et al. 2016

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Evidence suggests that an old mineral storage site removed in 1998 due to high lead content, remains as a source of exposure in the city of Antofagasta, Chile. The aim was to determine the association between blood lead levels in children and the residential proximity to the old mineral storage site. A cross sectional study was conducted with 185 children aged 7 to 16 years. The outcome variable was blood lead levels measured in 2005. The exposure variable was the distance between the current residence and the old mineral storage site. The distance was measured in meters by Geographic Information System (GIS). The median blood lead level in 2005 was 3.3μg/dL (interquartile range ‒ IQR: 2.0-4.3). A significant inverse association was found between the residential distance to the old mineral storage site and the blood lead levels in children, after adjusting by confounders (β: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.09; -0.01). This result suggests that the old mineral storage site continues to be a source of lead exposure for the children living nearby.

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Human Exposure to Lead in Chile

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Remobilization of trace elements by forest fire in Patagonia, Chile

Remobilization of trace elements by forest fire in Patagonia, Chile

Efectos clínicos a largo plazo en niños intoxicados con plomo en una región del sur de Chile

Proximity of residence to an old mineral storage site in Chile and blood lead levels in children

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