Human Exposure to Styrene Vapor

Stewart, Richard D.; Dodd, Hugh C.; Baretta, Edward D.; Schaffer, A. W.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1968.10665124

Cited by 148 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Gamberale et al (5) showed some evidence of the noxious effects of 350 ppm of styrene on perceptual speed. Finally Stewart et al (16) disclosed that manual dexterity seemed affected in most subjects after 50 min of exposure to 375 ppm of styrene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different authors have studied the adverse effects of short-term styrene exposure under laboratory conditions (5,14,16). In these investigations simple and complex r,eaction time, perceptual speed, and manual dexterity were studied.OItramare et al (14) found a prolongation in simple reaction time and complex reaction time after exposure to 50 ppm and 100 ppm of styrene, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Disturbances in psychological functions of workers occupationally exposed to styrene.

Lindström¹,

Härkönen²,

Hernberg³

1976

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Disturbances in psychological functions of workers occupationally exposed to styrene. Scand. j. work environ. & health 3 (1976) [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139]. The relationship between long-term occupational styrene exposure and disturbances in psychological functions was studied. The exposed group consisted of 98 male worker,s exposed to styrene in the manufacture of polyester plastic products, and the comparison group comprised 43 concrete reinforcement workers. The duration of exposure in years and the mean mandelic acid concentration in urine (five determinattions during 5 weeks before the clinical examination) and the cumulative dose of exposure were used as the indicators of exposure. The psychological functions studied were intelligence, visuomotor speed, visuomotor accuracy, memory, vigilance, and psychomotor performance. Some personality test variables were also included. In a group comparison two variables (visuomotor inaccuracy and poor psychomotor performance) out of 20 shQwed statistically significant differences and characterized the styrene exposed group. These findings were confirmed when workers with low and high styrene exposure were compared. One variable measuring visuomotor speed and another measuring visual memory were related to the duratiQn of exposure (R =0.28, p < 0.05). In a multiple regression analysis disturbances in visuomotor accuracy, poor psychomotor performance, and lowered vigilance proved to have some connection with a high mandelic acid concentr·ation (R = 0.49, p < 0.01). In addition workers with disturbances in visuomotor accuracy and slight disturbances in visuomotor speed had higher mandelic acid concentrations when compared with thQse workers without any deterioration. The results indicate that disturbances in visuomotor accuracy and, to a lesser degree, in psychomotor performance are the main findings measured by test methods used in this study and related to one indicator of styrene exposure, mandelic acid concentration. The psychological methods used revealed subc1inicaI symptoms relared to exposure, and they shou'ld aid in making group diagnoses, e.g., when additional 1nformation is needed for the determination of the threshold limit value. The deterioration found in visuomotor accuracy could be related to lowered s'afety in work and traffic.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbances in psychological functions of workers occupationally exposed to styrene.

Lindström¹,

Härkönen²,

Hernberg³

1976

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…For biological monitoring, determination can be made of the concentration of the parent (1,5,36) or metabolized compounds (1,11,28) in alveolar or expired air samples, in venous or arterial capillary blood samples, and in urine samples. Determination of its uptake during exposure has also been proposed as an exposure indicator (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary elimination of styrene in experimental and occupational exposure.

Pezzagno¹,

Ghittori²,

Imbriani³

et al. 1985

Scand J Work Environ Health

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PEZZAGNO G, GHITTORI S, IMBRIANI M, CAPODAGLIO E. Urinary elimination of styrene in experimental and occupational exposure. Scand J Work En viron Health II (1985) 371-379. Twentyhuman volunteers were exposed to styrene vapor at 273-1 654 !tmol/m' (28.4-172.3 mg/m') for a period of 1 to 3 h at rest (15cases)and during light physical exercise (5 cases).Subsequently51 workers occupationally exposed to styrenewerestudied during a workweek (medianvalue 1 138!tmol/m', geometric standard deviation 2.23). As expected, the relative uptake averagedabout 65 lifo, and the ratio of the alveolar concentration to the time-weighted average of the environmental concentration averaged about 0.15. Both in the experimentally exposedsubjects and in the occupationallyexposedworkers the urinary styreneconcentration showed a linear relationship to the corresponding environmental time-weighted average concentration. The correlation coefficients of the regression lines ranged between 0.88 (occupationally exposed group) and more than 0.93 (experimentally exposedgroups). The regression coefficients wereclosely linked to the amount of styrene taken up and to the exposure times. The findings show that the urinary styrene concentration can be used as an appropriate biologicalexposure indicator whosemeaning differs from that of other suggested indices. As an example, in occupationally exposed subjectsperforming moderate work the urinary styreneconcentration correspondingto the time-weighted average of the threshold limit value is 815 nmol/I, and the 95 0J0 lower confidence limit (biological threshold) is 740 nmol/1.

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“…Since the late 1960's behavioral performance tests have been used to assess the effects of neurotoxic occupational exposure in adult workers (Hanninen, 1966;Stewert, et al, 1968;Stewert, et al, 1969). The use of behavioral tests to assess workplace exposure has continued to increase and behavioral tests have become the most efficient methods (in terms of cost and time) to screen for adverse effects of neurotoxic exposures in adult workers (Anger, 2003;Anger, et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) for evaluating neurobehavioral performance in Filipino children

et al. 2008

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Neurobehavioral tests have long been used to assess health effects in exposed working adult populations. The heightened concern over the potential impact of environmental exposures on neurological functioning in children has led to the development of test batteries for use with children. There is a need for reliable, easy-to-administer batteries to assess neurotoxic exposure in children. One such test battery previously validated with Spanish-and English-speaking children ages 4 and older, combines computerized tests from the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) with non-computerized tests. The goal of the present study was to determine the feasibility of using standardized neurobehavioral tests in preschool and school-aged Filipino children. Test instructions were translated into the vernacular, Tagalog or Tagalog-English ("Taglish") and some instructions and materials were modified to be appropriate for the target populations. The battery was administered to 4 to 6 year old Filipino children (N=50). The performance of the Filipino children was compared to data previously collected from Spanish-and English-speaking children tested in the US. The majority of children had no difficulty completing the tests in the battery with the exception of the Symbol-Digit test and Digit Span-reverse. The three groups showed similar patterns of performance on the tests and the older children performed better than the younger children on all of the tests. The findings from this study demonstrate the utility of using this test battery to assess cognitive and motor performance in Filipino children. Tests in the battery assess a range of functions and the measures are sensitive to age differences. The current battery has been utilized in several cultures and socio-economic status classes, with only minor modifications needed. This study demonstrates the importance of pilot testing the methods before use in a new population, to ensure that the test is valid for that culture.

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Human Exposure to Styrene Vapor

Cited by 148 publications

References 4 publications

Disturbances in psychological functions of workers occupationally exposed to styrene.

Disturbances in psychological functions of workers occupationally exposed to styrene.

Urinary elimination of styrene in experimental and occupational exposure.

Adaptation of the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) for evaluating neurobehavioral performance in Filipino children

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