Human Factors Engineering and Flight Deck Design

Abbott, Kathy

doi:10.1201/9781420036879.ch9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The lack of synoptic information [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] on older aircraft was identified as an issue, especially in working complex system failures where a failure presented multiple symptoms like electrical failures or engine failures. Synoptic pages were initially designed to represent systems controlled on the overhead panel [12]. In general, they show an electronic version of electro-mechanical legacy systems.…”

Section: B Automation Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Advanced Synoptics and Simplified Checklists during Aircraft Systems Failures

Etherington¹,

Kramer²,

Vie³

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

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Natural humancapacities are becoming increasingly mismatched to the enormous data volumes, processing capabilities, and decision speeds demanded in today's aviation environment. Increasingly Autonomous Systems (IAS) are uniquely suited to solve this problem. NASA is conducting research and development of IAS -hardware and software systems, utilizing machine learning algorithms, seamlessly integrated with humans whereby task performance of the combined system is significantly greater than the individual components. IAS offer the potential for significantly improved levels of performance and safety that are superior to either human or automation alone.A human-in-the-loop test was conducted in NASA Langley's Integration Flight Deck B-737-800 simulator to evaluate advanced synoptic pages with simplified interactive electronic checklists as an IAS for routine air carrier flight operations and in response to aircraft system failures. Twelve U.S. airline crews flew various normal and non-normal procedures and their actions and performance were recorded in response to failures. These data are fundamental to and critical for the design and development of future increasingly autonomous systems that can better support the human in the cockpit. Synoptic pages and electronic checklists significantly improved pilot responses to non-normal scenarios, but implementation of these aids and other intelligent assistants have barriers to implementation (e.g., certification cost) that must be overcome.

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Section: B Automation Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Advanced Synoptics and Simplified Checklists during Aircraft Systems Failures

Etherington¹,

Kramer²,

Vie³

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Navigation and flight management systems in particular create optimized routing but only the planned route (i.e., flight plan) is shown to the pilot. If conditions are encountered outside the plan or if automation modes do not allow the execution of the plan, pilots are sometimes surprised by the automation, often expressing "what is it doing now" or "what is it doing next" [2]. In addition, air traffic control (ATC) constraints rarely allow for completion of the plan as originally constructed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Pilot's Understanding of Future Automation State – An Evaluation of an Automation State and Trajectory Prediction System

Etherington¹,

Kramer

Shish

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)

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A pilot in the loop flight simulation study was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center to evaluate a trajectory prediction system. The trajectory prediction system computes a five-minute prediction of the lateral and vertical path of the aircraft given the current and intent state of the automation. The prediction is shown as a graphical representation so the pilots can form an accurate mental model of the future state. Otherwise, many automation changes and triggers are hidden from the flight crew or need to be consolidated to understand if a change will occur and the exact timing of the change. Varying dynamic conditions like deceleration can obscure the future trajectory and the ability to meet constraints, especially in the vertical dimension. Current flight deck indications of flight path assume constant conditions and do not adequately support the flight crew to make correct judgments regarding constraints.The study was conducted using ten commercial airline crews from multiple airlines, paired by airline to minimize procedural effects. Scenarios spanned a range of conditions that provided evaluation in a realistic environment with complex traffic and weather conditions. In particular, scenarios probed automation state and loss of state awareness. The technology was evaluated and contrasted with current state-of-the-art flight deck capabilities modeled from the Boeing 787.Objective and subjective data were collected from aircraft parameters, questionnaires, audio/video recordings, head/eye tracking data, and observations. This paper details findings about the trajectory prediction system including recommendations about further study.

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Designing touch-enabled electronic flight bags in SAR helicopter operations

Avsar

Fischer

Rodden

2016

Proceedings of the International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction in Aerospace

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In order to benefit from potential reduced operational costs and crew workload airlines are increasingly interested in touchscreen-based Electronic Flight Bags (EFB). This paper focuses on the specific domain of Search and Rescue (SAR) Helicopters. A first set of results aiming to explore and understand potential benefits and challenges of an EFB in a SAR environment will be presented. A review of related work, operational observations and interviews with pilots were conducted to understand and specify the use context. Digital Human Modelling (DHM) software was used to determine physical constraints of an EFB in this type of flight deck. A scenario was developed which will be used in future to define features, content and functionality that a SAR pilot may wish to see in an EFB. Developed initial interface design guidelines are presented.

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Human Factors Engineering and Flight Deck Design

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Advanced Synoptics and Simplified Checklists during Aircraft Systems Failures

Impact of Advanced Synoptics and Simplified Checklists during Aircraft Systems Failures

Increasing Pilot's Understanding of Future Automation State – An Evaluation of an Automation State and Trajectory Prediction System

Designing touch-enabled electronic flight bags in SAR helicopter operations

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