Human Glandular Kallikrein 2: A Potential Serum Marker for Predicting the Organ Confined Versus Nonorgan Confined Growth of Prostate Cancer

Haese, Alexander; Becker, Charlotte; Noldus, Joachim; Graefen, Markus; Huland, Edith; Huland, Hartwig; Lilja, Hans

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67649-5

Cited by 73 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Both early detection and staging of PCa lack predictive accuracy if only PSA is used. In these studies (21)(22)(23)(25)(26)(27), it was shown that hK2 can be detected reliably. In the present study, the most recent hK2 assays were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…hK2 has been described in several reports to complement PSA detection for improvement in specificity and identification of high-risk groups within certain PSA ranges for early detection of PCa (21)(22)(23)28 ). Other studies reported on improved differentiation of pathologically non-organ-confined from organ-confined cancer (26,27 ) or aggressive grade 3 from less aggressive grade 1 and 2 cancers (25 ). It is important to note that a consistent improvement in the research assays used for clinical studies has taken place, including assay precision, lower detection limits, and cross-reactivity to PSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A standardized hK2 assay will not only improve the comparability of different studies, but may also shed more light on the sometimes conflicting performance of hK2 as a PCa marker. Possibly hK2 can provide information that PSA fails to deliver, e.g., improved prediction of organconfined cancer (25)(26)(27) or improved specificity in the early detection of PCa (21,28 ).…”

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of Two Immunoassays for Human Glandular Kallikrein 2

Haese¹,

Väisänen

Finlay³

et al. 2003

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: Measurement of human kallikrein 2 (hK2) has improved early detection and staging of prostate cancer. However, reported concentrations of hK2 among currently used assays have not been standardized in any way. We compared two hK2 assays and five different recombinant hK2 variants (rhK2) and suggest a common calibrator as an important step and putative reference substance in hK2 assay standardization. Methods: We measured 146 sera by two hK2 assays, using assay-specific calibrators to assess the difference between the two assays. Serial dilutions of five rhK2 preparations were measured repeatedly, with one preparation assigned as calibrator and the others as unknowns to define which variant provided the closest match between the two assays. This rhK2 variant was used to recalibrate both assays. We measured hK2 concentrations in the same 146 patients to evaluate the change in the difference.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standardization of Two Immunoassays for Human Glandular Kallikrein 2

Haese¹,

Väisänen

Finlay³

et al. 2003

Clinical Chemistry

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“…47,48 Furthermore, the studies on hK2 and PSA protein expression on tissue level have revealed that both hK2 and PSA are down-regulated in malignant tissue compared with normal prostate tissue. 49 The ultimate additional benefit of quantitative measurements of hK2 and PSA mRNA expression aiming to improve PC detection and molecular staging awaits continued investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Quantification of Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 and Prostate-Specific Antigen mRNAs in Peripheral Blood from Prostate Cancer Patients

Ylikoski

Karp

Pettersson

et al. 2001

The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics

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We present a multiplexed and internally calibrated quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (QRT-PCR) assay to detect human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) transcripts in blood samples from healthy subjects and prostate cancer (PC) patients. The assay detected 50 copies of hK2 and PSA mRNA, and 1 PSA-and 10 hK2-expressing LNCaP cells in the presence of 2.5 ؋ 10 6 PSA-and hK2-negative cells. In PC patients, 20 of 25 and 19 of 25 gave detectable PSA and hK2 mRNAs, respectively. Number of hK2 mRNA copies was significantly higher than that of PSA mRNA copies in patients with biochemically progressive (P ‫؍‬ 0.02) PC, and with locally advanced and metastasized (P ‫؍‬ 0.004) PC. Patients with rapidly progressive and hormone refractory PC gave detectable hK2 mRNA only in 2 of 8 and PSA mRNA in 3 of 8 patients. Neither PSA nor hK2 mRNAs were detected in 16 healthy subjects. PSA and hK2 discriminated PC patients with biochemically progressive and advanced disease from the controls and from the aggressive distant metastatic disease. The assay provides a reliable quantification of the number of hK2 and PSA mRNA copies, allows to discriminate PC cases from healthy subjects, and offers a tool for further studies on molecular staging of PC.

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“…In particular, in men with fPSA <25% and an hK2/fPSA ratio >0.18, there was an increase of 13-62% in the detection of prostate cancer. A later study (31) compared the preoperative levels of hK2 and PSA in patients that underwent prostatectomy; the sensitivity and specificity of hK2 in detecting organ-confined disease were 37 and 100%, respectively, compared to a sensitivity and specificity of 14 and 100%, respectively, for total PSA.…”

Section: Diagnostic and Prognostic Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer markers: An update

et al. 2016

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Abstract. As the most common noncutaneous malignancy in American men, prostate cancer currently accounts for 29% of all diagnosed cancers, and ranks second as the cause of cancer fatality in American men. Prostatic cancer is rarely symptomatic early in its course and therefore disease presentation often implies local extension or even metastatic disease. Thus, it is extremely critical to detect and diagnose prostate cancer in its earliest stages, often prior to the presentation of symptoms. Three of the most common techniques used to detect prostate cancer are the digital rectal exam, the transrectal ultrasound, and the use of biomarkers. This review presents an update regarding the field of prostate cancer biomarkers and comments on future biomarkers. Although there is not a lack of research in the field of prostate cancer biomarkers, the discovery of a novel biomarker that may have the advantage of being more specific and effective warrants future scientific inquiry.

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Human Glandular Kallikrein 2: A Potential Serum Marker for Predicting the Organ Confined Versus Nonorgan Confined Growth of Prostate Cancer

Abstract: Compared with total and free PSA hK2 testing improved the preoperative evaluation of patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy due to the superior discrimination of organ from non-organ confined cancer.

Cited by 73 publications

References 33 publications

Standardization of Two Immunoassays for Human Glandular Kallikrein 2

Standardization of Two Immunoassays for Human Glandular Kallikrein 2

Simultaneous Quantification of Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 and Prostate-Specific Antigen mRNAs in Peripheral Blood from Prostate Cancer Patients

Prostate cancer markers: An update

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