Human health risk assessment of lead (Pb) through the environmental-food pathway

Nag, Rajat; Cummins, Enda

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151168

Cited by 113 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Therefore, when HMs-contaminated bark or leaves are brought into the market as medicinal raw materials, they may pose a risk to human health. The HMs in the camphor tree enter the human body through human ingestion, which will cause different degrees of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks ( Nag and Cummins, 2022 ). The results of the human health risk assessment showed that the average non-carcinogenic risk of camphor bark and leaves in the study area was within an acceptable range, but its carcinogenic risk was unacceptable, especially for the bark.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Endemic Tree Species in Southern China: A Case Study of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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As a developed economic region in China, the problem of heavy metals (HMs) pollution in the Yangtze River Delta has become increasingly prominent. As an important evergreen broad-leaved tree species in southern China, the camphor tree cannot only be used as a street tree but also its various tissues and organs can be used as raw materials for Chinese herbal medicine. In order to explore whether heavy metal contamination in the region threatens the safety of camphor trees as pharmaceutical raw materials, we collected the bark and leaves of the tree most commonly used for pharmaceuticals in Yixing City. Based on the determination of HMs content, the health risks after human intake are evaluated, the sources and contributions of HMs are analyzed, and then the health risks of pollution sources are spatially visualized. The results showed that under the influence of human activities, the camphor trees in the study area had obvious enrichment of HMs, and the over-standard rate of Pb in the bark was as high as 90%. The non-carcinogenic risks of bark and leaves are acceptable, but the carcinogenic risks are not acceptable. The bark had the highest average carcinogenic risk, approaching six times the threshold. The results of Pb isotope ratio analysis showed that the average contribution rate of industrial activities to HMs in camphor trees in the study area was the highest, reaching 49.70%, followed by fossil fuel burning (37.14%) and the contribution of natural sources was the smallest, only 13.16%. The locations of the high-risk areas caused by the three pollution sources in the study area are basically similar, mainly concentrated in the northwest, northeast, and southeast, which are consistent with the distribution of industries and resources in the study area. This study can provide a reference for the precise prevention of HMs pollution of camphor and the safe selection of its pharmaceutical materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Endemic Tree Species in Southern China: A Case Study of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl

Zhou

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The daily intake rate (DIR) of each heavy metal from the vegetables was calculated via eq DIR = C normalm × DI × F % BW where C m is the heavy metal content in the dry vegetables (mg/kg dry weight), DI is the average daily intake of vegetables (assuming 0.05 kg fresh weight/day), F% is the dry weight percentage of the vegetables (assuming 10%), and BW is the body weight of an adult (assuming 70 kg). , The health risk index (HRI), indicating the toxic potential of non-cancerous effects during a lifetime period, was calculated by dividing the DIR of the heavy metal and its reference dose (RfD) in the guidelines. − An HRI < 1 represents a safe condition for vegetable consumption.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclamation of Nutrient Solution from Membrane-Based Microalgal Harvesting Processes for Cultivation of Vegetables in Hydroponic Systems

et al. 2023

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This study investigates membrane-based microalgal harvesting processes for simultaneously concentrating microalgal cells and reclaiming liquid nutrients for cultivating vegetables in hydroponic systems. During both gravity-driven (with microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes) and crossflow (with microfiltration membranes) filtration, it was found that cake layer fouling was predominant, regardless of microalgal solution properties, membrane type, and filtration condition. Although the gravity-driven membrane process offered lower operation cost, the water productivity was limited due to its lower fluxes (<1 L/m 2 h). During crossflow microfiltration of the microalgal solutions, increasing periodic water (50 °C) flushing frequency helped in alleviating both irreversible fouling and cake fouling development, especially with an extending filtration cycle. Under the same water productivity condition, optimal periodic water flushing (50 °C, 5 min duration per 15 min filtration) displayed more effectiveness in cake fouling control compared to periodic ultrasonication (60 s per 15 min filtration). As the collected permeate contained phosphorus and nitrogen, it was utilized as a potential cultivation solution to grow lettuce and basil in hydroponic systems. Both plants cultivated with the permeate grew slower than those with the commercial fertilizer solution, possibly associated with the lack of some essential microelements and possible uptake of certain heavy metals. The targeted hazard quotient (THQ) values of all examined heavy metals in the edible part (stem and leaves) of basil and lettuce were 0.79 and 1.58, respectively, and comparable to those with the fertilizer solution (0.81 for basil and 1.35 for lettuce). This implies that the basil cultivated with the reclaimed microalgal nutrient solution did not pose a potential adverse health effect on human consumption.

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“…Pb can affect the nervous system, kidneys, and blood circulation, especially in children, infants, and fetuses [GUO et al 2018]. Pb can also affect brain and intellectual development in children, induce apoptosis in organ tissues [MANI et al 2019] and in some cases, irreversible neurological damage [NAG, CUMMINS 2022]. Moreover, Cr(VI) damages cells in several ways, such as increased oxidative stress, DNA adduct formation, and chromosomal breakdown.…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Journal of Water and Land Development

2022

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This study explains water quality in terms of seven heavy metals in the Upstream Citarum River and analyses human health risk (non-carcinogenic risk) for adults and children. Water samples were collected from five sampling locations along the Upstream Citarum River, i.e. from Majalaya Sub-District to Dayeuhkolot Sub-District. The contents of heavy metals were analysed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) variant 240 FS. The results of the analysis showed that the pollution index value, which was categorised as slightly polluted from the highest to the lowest value, was as follows: location 4 (4.220) > location 1 (3.764) > location 2 (3.219) > location 5 (2.967) > location 3 (2.800). Values of the hazard index (HI) for adults and children were as follows: Pb > Cr > Cd > Zn > Ni > Co > Cu. Pb and Cr have HI values greater than 1. This indicates that these metals can have a negative impact on public health. The HI in the ingestion pathway was greater than that of the dermal pathway, and the HI value for children was greater than that for adults. Further research is needed regarding the health risks from groundwater around the area which is used directly by the community because river water and groundwater systems are interconnected through streambeds.

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Human health risk assessment of lead (Pb) through the environmental-food pathway

Cited by 113 publications

References 49 publications

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Endemic Tree Species in Southern China: A Case Study of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl

Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Endemic Tree Species in Southern China: A Case Study of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl

Reclamation of Nutrient Solution from Membrane-Based Microalgal Harvesting Processes for Cultivation of Vegetables in Hydroponic Systems

Journal of Water and Land Development

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