Human health risk assessment of the mixture of pharmaceuticals in Dutch drinking water and its sources based on frequent monitoring data

Houtman, Corine J.; Kroesbergen, J.; Lekkerkerker-Teunissen, K.; Hoek, Jan Peter van der

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.022

Cited by 140 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Such pollution intake meanings potential risk to the water quality, to the environment, human and animal health [9] [10]. Many published works related the identification and quantification of pharmaceutical compounds in surface water resources, like lakes and Rivers in many parts of the world [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guarapiranga Reservoir—Pharmaceuticals and Historical Urban Occupation in a Water Source

Shihomatsu¹,

Martins²,

Cotrim³

et al. 2017

GEP

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The pharmaceutical compounds were analyzed in 14 sampling sites and pointed out the pollution sources related to raw sewage input and urban drainage discharge. Five medicine compounds, one illicit drug, and its metabolite were the higher measured content using analytical improvements tailored to identify and quantify organic compounds in low water content. The use of SPE cartridges followed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) points out the Guavirutuba tributary as the primary water pollution source with higher concentrations in 2011 for pharmaceuticals, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine (metabolite) in the range of 6.7 ± 0.9 ng L −1 to 27.386 ± 142 ng L −1. The Jaceguay stream also located in Guarapiranga was the most preserved area and provided analytical values correspondent which lowered contamination content. Such concentrations mean a possible and feasible water restoration target. The most common compounds (above 90% samples) were: caffeine, atenolol, carbamazepine, cocaine, and benzoylecgonine. The integrated risk index for aquatic chemical pollution (IRICAP) confirms the higher contamination near Guavirutuba stream and the lower near the Jaceguay stream. Published results of cocaine and benzoylecgonine content in Guarapiranga basin corroborated with the analytical results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guarapiranga Reservoir—Pharmaceuticals and Historical Urban Occupation in a Water Source

Shihomatsu¹,

Martins²,

Cotrim³

et al. 2017

GEP

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show abstract

“…CA does not allow to dismiss potential mixture effects prior to an explicit evaluation, but even a CAcompliant mixture follows an ordinary concentration-response relationship for which standard descriptors such as NOECs or EC50 values, and, consequently, ADIs, TDIs and OELs, can be determined. For example, Houtman and colleagues recently applied CA for assessing the joint human health effects of pharmaceuticals in Dutch drinking water and came to the conclusion that human health effects are negligible [19].…”

Section: The Contribution Of Low Doses To the Toxicity Of A Mixturementioning

confidence: 99%

A note of caution: the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) is unsuited as a decision rule for deciding whether mixture risk assessment is necessary

Backhaus

2014

Preprint

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The threshold of toxicological concern has been suggested as a decision rule on whether a mixture risk assessment is required. According to the recent opinion on mixture toxicity, published by the EU scientific committees, mixture effects are not to be expected, if the mixture components do not share the same mode or mechanism of action and are present at or below their individual TTCs. This, however, ignores the statistical error propagation that is encountered when handling multi-component chemical mixtures, which results in a huge probability that one or more mixture components are de facto more toxic than estimated by the corresponding TTC. It is hence argued that the TTC is a valuable tool to bridge data gaps in case experimental toxicity data are missing, but it is unsuited without further refinement as a decision criterion on whether a mixture assessment is needed in a given exposure scenario.PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.526v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec:

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“…The development of industry, medical and personal care sectors as well as the agriculture and food processing sector cause a continuously increase in concentrations of a wide range of micropollutants in the aquatic environment [1]. Numerous research works indicated that several micropollutants, even in small concentrations of several ng/L, were characterized by a high toxicity to both living organisms [2][3][4] and human health [5]. Diversified impact of micropollutants on several indicator organisms makes it difficult to determine safe concentrations of those chemicals that do not cause adverse changes in the entire ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological analysis of water mixtures of organic micropollutants subjected to UV irradiation

Kudlek

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. The paper presents the toxicological analysis of water solutions of micropollutants from different groups i.e. industrial additives, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, UV blockers and pesticides before and after their exposure to UV light. The toxicological response of both Microtox ® and Daphtoxkit F ® test, increased with the increase of the compound concentration. Triclosan water solution was considered as the most toxic. The lowest toxic effect was observed for Imidacloprid and Octyl-methoxycinnamate solutions. The exposure of Benzocaine, Octyl-methoxycinnamate and Triclosan water solutions to UV light led to an increase of their toxicity. An inverse relationship was observed for Imidacloprid and 17α-Ethinylestradiol solutions.

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Human health risk assessment of the mixture of pharmaceuticals in Dutch drinking water and its sources based on frequent monitoring data

Cited by 140 publications

References 36 publications

Guarapiranga Reservoir—Pharmaceuticals and Historical Urban Occupation in a Water Source

Guarapiranga Reservoir—Pharmaceuticals and Historical Urban Occupation in a Water Source

A note of caution: the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) is unsuited as a decision rule for deciding whether mixture risk assessment is necessary

Toxicological analysis of water mixtures of organic micropollutants subjected to UV irradiation

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