Human heart rate responses during experimentally induced anxiety.

Maternal executive function, heart rate, and EEG alpha reactivity interact in the prediction of harsh parenting.

“…For instance, it could reflect anticipatory anxiety during the “capping” procedure, in anticipation of the challenges to come (Davidson, Marshall, Tomarken, & Henriques, 2000; Deane, 1961)—that the participant was anxious during the preparation and resting-state phase, and became less distressed once the anticipatory preparation phase had passed. Alternatively, the unexpected opposing pattern of HR or α reactivity could indicate that the participant was not effortfully internally processing the challenging task stimuli, but instead was passively viewing the information (Benedek et al, 2011).…”

Individual differences in fear-potentiated startle as a function of resting heart rate variability: Implications for panic disorder

“…Moreover, there is an increasing appreciation of the role of anticipatory anxiety in the development of panic disorder (Bouton et al, 2001). Anticipatory anxiety is characterized by strong physiological arousal (increase in heart rate [Deane, 1961[Deane, , 1969Deane and Zeaman,1958], respiratory rate Homma, 2000, 2001], and skin conductance level [Chattopadhyay et al, 1980]), hypervigilance towards potential threat, excessive worry, uncertainty (Barlow, 2000;Grillon, 2002), and a clear potentiation of the startle reflex (Grillon et al, 1991(Grillon et al, , 1993Melzig et al, 2007). The latter finding is particularly important, because the potentiation of the acoustic startle reflex rather specifically indexes the activation of the mammalian defense system (for a review, see Lang et al, 2000).…”

Blood-injury-illness phobia: A review

“…Examples include sudden emptying of the bladder, or micturition syncope (Coggins, Lillington, & Gray, 1964), immersion of one's face in water, or diving reflex (Arabian, Furedy, Morrison, & Szalai, 1983;Wolf, 1967), anticipation of electric shock (Deane, 1961(Deane, , 1964Jenks & Deane, 1963), pneumoencephalography (Graham, Kabler, & Lunsford, 1961), viewing slides of mutilated human beings (Harvey & Hirschman, 1980;Klorman, Wiesenfeld, & Austin, 1975) and a 90-degree head up to head down body tilt (Arabian et al, 1983).…”