Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 as potential pathogens after liver transplant: Prospective comparison with the effect of cytomegalovirus

Griffiths, Paul; Ait‐Khaled, Mounir; Bearcroft, C. P.; Clark, Duncan A.; Quaglia, Alberto; Davies, SE; Burroughs, Andrew K.; Rolles, K; Kidd, IM; Knight, S N; Noibi, S M; Cope, Alethea; An, Peng; Emery, Vincent

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199912)59:4<496::aid-jmv12>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 152 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…HHV-6 has been associated with fever, rash, encephalitis, hepatitis, myelosuppression, and interstitial pneumonitis (115)(116)(117)(118)(119). HHV-6 and CMV are significantly and independently associated with biopsy-proven graft rejection after liver transplantation (119,120). Multiple studies report an association between CMV activity and HHV-7 (1-5); each virus may serve as a cofactor for the other.…”

Section: Hhv-6 and Hhv-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infection in the Renal Transplant Recipient

Kotton

Fishman²

2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

200

181

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Viruses are among the most common causes of opportunistic infection after transplantation and the most important. The risk for viral infection is a function of the specific virus encountered, the intensity of immune suppression used to prevent graft rejection, and other host factors governing susceptibility. Viral infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, causes the "direct effects" of invasive disease and "indirect effects," including immune suppression predisposing to other opportunistic infections and oncogenesis. Rapid and sensitive microbiologic assays for many of the common viruses after transplantation have replaced, for the most part, serologic testing and in vitro cultures for the diagnosis of infection. Furthermore, quantitative molecular tests allow the individualization of antiviral therapies for prevention and treatment of infection. This advance is most prominent in the management of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses. Diagnostic advances have not been accompanied by the development of specific and nontoxic anti-viral agents or effective antiviral vaccines. Vaccines, where available, should be given to patients as early as possible and well in advance of transplantation to optimize the immune response. Studies of viral latency, reactivation, and the cellular effects of viral infection will provide clues for future strategies in prevention and treatment of viral infections.

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Section: Hhv-6 and Hhv-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infection in the Renal Transplant Recipient

Kotton

Fishman²

2005

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

200

181

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“…Cell cycle analysis was performed by FACS (Griths et al, 1999). Cells were ®xed in 70% ethanol for at least 30 min at 48C.…”

Section: Counting and Cell Cycle Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is essential for the proliferation of lymphoblastoid cells

et al. 2002

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“…8,19,20 EBV-associated PTLD appears to be most effectively treated by tapering of the doses of the immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent transplant organ rejection. 17,21 Because different viruses can give rise to similar organ pathologies, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] selection of the appropriate therapeutic approach involves accurate diagnosis of disease etiology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Value of Quantitative PCR-Based Viral Burden Analysis for Eight Human Herpesviruses in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Patients

Bai

Rogers

Harkins

et al. 2000

The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics

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Human herpesviruses can cause significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. It was hypothesized that viral burden quantification by polymerase chain reaction using an internal calibration standard could aid in distinguishing between viral disease and latency. Here we report the results of a 2-year prospective study of 27 pediatric solid organ (liver, kidney, or heart) transplant recipients in which multiple samples were analyzed for levels of all eight human herpesviruses by internal calibration standard-polymerase chain reaction. Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus were not detected in any of these samples. Human herpesvirus types 6 and 7 were detected in half of the patients, but were present at low levels, similar to those found in reference populations. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were detected in 89% and 56% of the patients, respectively. Viral burden analysis suggested distinct patient populations for CMV, with a natural cutoff of 10,000 viral targets/ml blood strongly associated with disease. In some cases, a dramatic increase in CMV levels preceded clinical evidence of disease by several weeks. EBV viral burden was relatively high in the only patient presenting with an EBV syndrome. However, two other patients without evidence of EBV disease had single samples with high EBV burden. Rapid reduction in both EBV and CMV burden occurred with antiviral treatment. These data suggest that viral burden analysis using internal calibration standard-polymerase chain reaction for CMV, and possibly other herpesviruses, is an effective method for monitoring pediatric transplant patients for significant herpesvirus infection and response to therapy.

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Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 as potential pathogens after liver transplant: Prospective comparison with the effect of cytomegalovirus

Cited by 152 publications

References 32 publications

Viral Infection in the Renal Transplant Recipient

Viral Infection in the Renal Transplant Recipient

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is essential for the proliferation of lymphoblastoid cells

Predictive Value of Quantitative PCR-Based Viral Burden Analysis for Eight Human Herpesviruses in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Patients

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