Human immunodeficiency virus‐1 genotypic drug resistance among volunteer blood donors in Yunnan, China

Abstract

CRF_BC was the dominant subtype circulating in HIV-1-infected donors in Yunnan. Prevalence of genotypic drug resistances among donors in Yunnan was low in this study. Surveillance on HIV-1 infections among blood donors should be continued in China.

The infection staging and profile of genotypic distribution and drug resistance mutation among the human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected blood donors from five Chinese blood centers, 2012–2014

“…The prevalence of HIV-1 DR (13.2%) was similar to those reported in studies performed in the United States (9.9%[42] and 10.9%[43]), European countries (14.2%)[44] and recent finding among Chinese former paid donors in Henan province (17.7%, 19/109)[41]; but higher than those from other Chinese HIV-1 treatment naïve populations in Yunnan province (2% to 4.3%)[10, 39, 45], Hangzhou (4%)[21], Jiangsu (2.1% to 4.1%)[35], Shaanxi (4.4%)[46] and Chengdu (1.3%)[18]; and also higher than those from other high risk populations such as: MSM (2%-5.3%)[23, 47–49], IDU (3.8%-4.4%) in China. In Urumqi, the HIV-1 DR was 24.1% (7/29), which was different than the previous REDS-II study that found no sample harboring HIV-1 DR (0/14) in the same region during 2007 to 2010 [10].…”

“…The DRMs prevalence rate reported here (13.2%, 27/205) was lower than the published results from other studies about Chinese blood donors or anti-retroviral-naive populations that varied from 17% to 37.8%[10, 18, 39, 40]. Perhaps a result that some polymorphic accessory mutations such as: A71V/T and L10I/V on PIs; V106I and V90I on NNRTIs, commonly observed in previous studies[10, 41], were no longer classified as PI minor DRMs and NNRTI resistance mutations in the updated Stanford HIVdb Program Genotypic Resistance Interpretation Algorithm (HIVdb version 8.3).…”

“…For example, former paid blood donors from Henan and other central China provinces were mostly of subtype B [7, 8]. In Kunming in Southwest China, from 2005–2006, a study found that of 49 specimens from infected blood donors, the distribution of HIV subtypes were: CRF08_BC(51.0%), CRF07_BC(24.5%), CRF01_AE (20.4%) and B(4.1%)[9]. In our previous Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study-II (REDS-II) funded by US National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), we reported the following HIV-1 genotype distribution among HIV infected blood donors from five Chinese blood centers (Kunming, Liuzhou, Urumqi, Luoyang and Mianyang) during 2007 to 2010: G (0.9%), B (2.7%), CRF01_AE (32.7%), CRF07_BC (22.1%), and CRF08_BC (41.6%)[10].…”

The Global Status of HIV Drug Resistance: Clinical and Public-Health Approaches for Detection, Treatment and Prevention

“…A subsequent review of studies [44] from seven sub-Saharan African countries and three Asian countries reported that prevalence of transmitted HIVDR varied widely from 1.6% in Angola [45] to 18.4% in China [46], with higher prevalence of 10.7% and 11.5% reported in Togo [47] and Mali [48], respectively. The ability to compare published studies assessing transmitted drug resistant virus is limited by the use of different methodologies to estimate prevalence, including variations in sample size, mixing of population risk groups, long sampling time frames, and the inclusion of chronically infected individuals whose resistance may in fact be acquired.…”

Near Full-Length Genomic Characterization of a Novel HIV Type 1 Subtype B/C Recombinant Strain from Yunnan, China

“…The first HIV-1 epidemic that occurred among injecting drug users (IDUs) in 1989 in China was reported inYunnan. [3][4][5] Multiple HIV-1 genotypes, including B, C, CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and CRF08_BC, are all currently involved in the HIV-1 epidemiology in the area, 6 which suggested the possible emergence of a new recombination because more than two subtypes of HIV-1 strains may circulate in a high-risk population. In this study, we characterized a novel recombinant involving subtypes B and C, which is different from the B=C recombinant previously reported.…”