Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and the Pathogenesis of AIDS

Levy, Jay A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03420200087044

Cited by 134 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…It was further demonstrated that this effect of cocaine was mediated via the multifunctional cytokine, TGF-β. Since immune activation is considered critical for pathogenesis of HIV infection (Levy, 1989; Rosenberg and Fauci, 1989; Gallo, 1990), these in vitro studies suggest a clinical relevance of cocaine in disease pathogenesis (Peterson et al, 1991; Peterson et al, 1992; Peterson et al, 1993). …”

Section: Effect Of Cocaine On Hiv-1 Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine and HIV-1 Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Addiction

Buch¹,

Yao²,

Guo³

et al. 2011

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is now being driven by drug-abusing populations. Epidemiological studies on drug abusers with AIDS link abuse of cocaine, even more than other drugs, to increased incidence of HIV seroprevalence and progression to AIDS. Both cell culture and animal studies demonstrate that cocaine can both potentiate HIV replication and can potentiate HIV proteins to cause enhanced glial cell activation, neurotoxicity, and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Based on the ability of both HIV proteins and cocaine to modulate NMDA receptor on neurons, NMDA R has been suggested as a common link underlying the crosstalk between drug addiction and HIV infection. While the role of dopamine system as a major target of cocaine cannot be overlooked, recent studies on the role of sigma receptors in mediating the effects of cocaine in both cell and organ systems warrants a deeper understanding of their functional role in the field. In this review, recent findings on the interplay of HIV infection and cocaine abuse and their possible implications in mode of action and/or addiction will be discussed.

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Section: Effect Of Cocaine On Hiv-1 Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine and HIV-1 Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Addiction

Buch¹,

Yao²,

Guo³

et al. 2011

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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“…We cannot explain why antigens encoded by different HIV genetic regions might cause proportionate diminutions of similar Vb families. Homologies have been reported between a number of these antigens and normal cellular proteins and/or staphylococcal SAGs [10,32]. However, to our knowledge, these HIV antigens (other than gp120 and gp160) are not homologous to one another nor would homology be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

HIV Antigens and T‐Cell Receptor Variable Beta Chain Families

1997

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Jason J, Inge KL, Orloff, SL. HIV Antigens and T-Cell Receptor Variable Beta Chain Families. Scand J Immunol 1997;45:81-90 The authors investigated whether the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has restrictive effects on the variable region of the b chain (Vb) of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), by in vitro cultivation of non-HIVinfected peripheral blood lymphocytes with one of six HIV antigens or heat-inactivated whole virus (HIV-HI

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“…[56] Two subtypes have been described: HIV 1 and 2. The pathogenesis involves binding of viral envelope protein GP160 to the specific CD4 receptors found on T4 lymphocytes (T-helper cells) of immune system.…”

Section: Aetio-pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential anesthetic threats, challenges and intensive care considerations in patients with HIV infection

Bajwa

Kulshrestha

2013

J Pharm Bioall Sci

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a pandemic with ever looming danger of its transmission in health professionals. The number of AIDS patients has increased tremendously over the last two decades, who present for surgical procedures as well as who get admitted in intensive care unit for their critical condition. As such anesthesiologists and intensivists are exposed to potential risk of disease transmission on a daily basis from such patients. The guidelines and protocols formulated in the western world regarding prevention of disease transmission cannot be applied uniformly in the developing nations, such as India due to various factors and limitations. As such there is a continuous need felt in this arena to prevent the catastrophic consequences of AIDS in our medical fraternity while treating such patients in operation theatres and critical care units. This study reviews the various pathophysiological aspects, anesthetic considerations, intensive care implications, and various areas where current knowledge about AIDS can be applied to prevent its potential transmission in high-risk clinical groups.

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Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and the Pathogenesis of AIDS

Cited by 134 publications

References 95 publications

Cocaine and HIV-1 Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Addiction

Cocaine and HIV-1 Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Addiction

HIV Antigens and T‐Cell Receptor Variable Beta Chain Families

The potential anesthetic threats, challenges and intensive care considerations in patients with HIV infection

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