Human Impacts on Primate Conservation in Central Amazonia

Boyle, Sarah A.

doi:10.1177/194008290800100105

Cited by 62 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…provide a detailed history of BDFFP. Although portions of the study area are national protected sites, there have been problems with increased human pressure, as well as illegal hunting and logging, in recent years (Blumberg 2007;Laurance and Luizão 2007;Boyle 2008b).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral modifications in northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) in forest fragments of central Amazonia

Boyle

Smith

2009

Primates

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We investigated behavioral differences among seven groups of northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) living in five forest fragments and two areas of continuous forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project study area, located approximately 80 km north of Manaus, Brazil. We collected data in six research cycles from July-August 2003 to January 2005-April 2006. When bearded saki monkeys were present in a study area, we followed the group from dawn until dusk for three consecutive days. Every 5 min, we conducted behavioral scans of all visible individuals. There was a positive relationship between forest size and group size, but animals in the small forest fragments lived at greater densities. Bearded saki monkeys in the smaller fragments spent more time resting, less time traveling, and less time vocalizing, but there was no relationship between forest size and the amount of time spent feeding. Our results indicate that the main behavioral differences among the groups are related to the amount of forest resources (e.g., fruit trees, space) available to the monkeys in the smaller fragments, as well as the resulting smaller group sizes. We stress the need to preserve large tracts of forest and provide connectivity between forest patches.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral modifications in northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) in forest fragments of central Amazonia

Boyle

Smith

2009

Primates

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“…The presence of these 6 species in the BDFFP forest fragments has been variable, as some species, e.g., black spider monkey, have been virtually absent from most of the fragments (Boyle 2008b;Gilbert 2003;Gilbert and Setz 2001;Rylands and Keuroghlian 1988;Schwarzkopf and Rylands 1989).…”

Section: Study Site and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travel and Spatial Patterns Change When Chiropotes satanas chiropotes Inhabit Forest Fragments

et al. 2009

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Previous studies have used home range size to predict a species' vulnerability to forest fragmentation. Northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) are medium-bodied frugivores with large home ranges, but sometimes they reside in forest fragments that are smaller than the species' characteristic home range size. Here we examine how travel and spatial patterns differ among groups living in forest fragments of 3 size classes (1 ha, 10 ha, and 100 ha) versus continuous forest. We collected data in 6 research cycles from JulyAugust 2003 and January 2005-June 2006 at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), north of Manaus, Brazil. For each cycle, we followed the monkeys at each study site from dawn until dusk for 3 consecutive days, and recorded their location. Although bearded saki monkeys living in 10-ha and 1-ha fragments had smaller day ranges and traveled shorter daily distances, they traveled greater distances than expected based on the size of the forest fragment. Monkeys in the small fragments revisited a greater percentage of feeding trees each day, traveled in more circular patterns, and used the fragments in a more uniform pattern than monkeys in the continuous forest. Our results suggest that monkeys in the small fragments maximize their use of the forest, and that the preservation of large tracts of forest is essential for species conservation. Species with large home ranges sometimes inhabit forest fragments, but doing so can alter behavior, demographics, and ecology, and the monkeys may be vulnerable to stochastic events.

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“…Dispersal effectiveness is also related to habitat quality. Howler monkeys are capable of inhabiting highly disturbed habitats (e.g., < 10 ha forest fragments, riparian vegetation within pasture matrices, and secondary forests; Estrada et al, 2002; Boyle, 2008; González‐Di Pierro, 2011), which suggests that howler monkeys may be important facilitators of plant recolonization in these areas through their seed dispersal actions. In contrast, spider monkeys are mostly confined to large forest tracts (Boyle, 2008; González‐Di Pierro, unpublished data), which may suggest they are important for maintaining forest regeneration in primary forests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed source, seed traits, and frugivore habits: Implications for dispersal quality of two sympatric primates

Benítez‐Malvido

Pierro

Lombera

et al. 2014

American J of Botany

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• Premise of the study: Frugivore selection of fruits and treatment of seeds together with seed deposition site are crucial for the population dynamics of vertebrate-dispersed plants. However, frugivore species may influence dispersal quality differently even when feeding on the same fruit species and, while animals disperse some seeds, others simply fall beneath the parent plant.• Methods: In southern Mexico, we investigated to see if within-species seed traits (i.e., length, width, weight, and volume) and germination success differed according to seed source. For five tropical tree species we obtained ingested seeds from two sources, howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) and spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) feces; and noningested seeds from two sources, the ground and tree crowns (with predispersed seeds used as control).• Key results: A principal components' analysis showed that traits of seeds ingested by howler monkeys differed from other sources while seeds ingested by spider monkeys were similar to noningested seeds. Howlers consumed on average the larger seeds in Ampelocera hottlei, Brosimum lactescens, and Dialium guianense. Both primate species consumed the smaller seeds in Spondias mombin, while no seed trait differences among seed sources were found in Spondias radlkoferi. For all five tree species, germination rate was greatest for seeds ingested by howler monkeys.• Conclusions: For the studied plant species, seed ingestion by howler monkeys confers higher dispersal quality than ingestion by spider monkeys or nondispersal. Dispersal services of both primate species, however, are not redundant and may contribute to germination heterogeneity within plant populations in tropical forests.

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Human Impacts on Primate Conservation in Central Amazonia

Cited by 62 publications

References 45 publications

Behavioral modifications in northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) in forest fragments of central Amazonia

Behavioral modifications in northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) in forest fragments of central Amazonia

Travel and Spatial Patterns Change When Chiropotes satanas chiropotes Inhabit Forest Fragments

Seed source, seed traits, and frugivore habits: Implications for dispersal quality of two sympatric primates

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