Human Infections with New Subspecies of<i>Campylobacter fetus</i>

Patrick, Mary; Gilbert, Maarten J.; Blaser, Martin J.; Tauxe, Robert V.; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; Fitzgerald, Collette

doi:10.3201/eid1910.130883

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although for reptilian C . fetus there appears to be an association between contact with reptiles and infection in humans [6], [12], [13], to this date, no such association has been described for the other Epsilonproteobacteria species. The growing number of reptiles kept as pets in some European countries [27] and increased farming of reptiles, predominantly freshwater turtles for human consumption, in Asian countries [28], might increase the risk of reptilian derived Epsilonproteobacteria infections in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Diversity, and Host Association of Intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles

et al. 2014

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Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter species have been isolated from many vertebrate hosts, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. Multiple studies have focused on the prevalence of these Epsilonproteobacteria genera in avian and mammalian species. However, little focus has been given to the presence within reptiles, and their potential zoonotic and pathogenic roles. In this study, occurrence, diversity, and host association of intestinal Epsilonproteobacteria were determined for a large variety of reptiles. From 2011 to 2013, 444 cloacal swabs and fecal samples originating from 417 predominantly captive-held reptiles were screened for Epsilonproteobacteria. Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter genus specific PCRs were performed directly on all samples. All samples were also cultured on selective media and screened for the presence of Epsilonproteobacteria. Using a tiered approach of AFLP, atpA, and 16S rRNA sequencing, 432 Epsilonproteobacteria isolates were characterized at the species level. Based on PCR, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter were detected in 69.3% of the reptiles; 82.5% of the chelonians, 63.8% of the lizards, and 58.0% of the snakes were positive for one or more of these genera. Epsilonproteobacteria were isolated from 22.1% of the reptiles and were isolated most frequently from chelonians (37.0%), followed by lizards (19.6%) and snakes (3.0%). The most commonly isolated taxa were Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, reptile-associated Campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum, and a putative novel Campylobacter taxon. Furthermore, a clade of seven related putative novel Helicobacter taxa was isolated from lizards and chelonians. This study shows that reptiles carry various intestinal Epsilonproteobacteria taxa, including several putative novel taxa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Diversity, and Host Association of Intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles

et al. 2014

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“…in reptiles from captive populations in Europe and found that 63/163 (38%) of lizards were positive using PCR detection and 18/163 (11%) were positive using culture. Additionally, a genetically distinct variant of Campylobacter fetus has been isolated in the USA from both reptiles and humans who had direct or indirect contract with the reptile [28]. This is also supported by a study from Taiwan that detected C. fetus from 6.7% (12/179) of faeces collected from wild and domestic reptiles [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Lizard Faeces from Central Australia Using Quantitative PCR

2016

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Worldwide, Campylobacter is a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness. It is predominately considered a foodborne pathogen, with human exposure via non-food transmission routes generally overlooked. Current literature has been exploring environmental reservoirs of campylobacteriosis including potential wildlife reservoirs. Given the close proximity between lizards and human habitats in Central Australia, this study examined the presence of Campylobacter jejuni from lizard faeces collected from this region. Of the 51 samples collected, 17 (33%) (this included 14/46 (30%) wild and 3/5 (60%) captive lizard samples) were positive for C. jejuni using quantitative PCR (qPCR). This was the first study to investigate the presence of C. jejuni in Australian lizards. This has public health implications regarding the risk of campylobacteriosis from handling of pet reptiles and through cross-contamination or contact with wild lizard faeces. Additionally this has implication for horizontal transmission via lizards of C. jejuni to food production farms. Further research is needed on this environmental reservoir and potential transmission routes to reduce the risk to public health.

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“…nov. (39). Epidemiologic investigation indicated that afflicted individuals were largely Asian men who reported consumption of Asian foods or had previous exposure to reptiles (40).…”

Section: Facultative Gram-negative Rodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015

Munson

Carroll

2017

J Clin Microbiol

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Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through 2015.KEYWORDS anaerobes, bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, taxonomy H uman microbiome studies, particularly those involving genome sequencing, have resulted in a seeming explosion of novel bacterial taxonomy. While many of these organisms appear to play a commensal role in site-specific ecology, some of the organisms may be of clinical significance in various patient populations. Moreover, enhanced studies of known bacterial genomes in a variety of applications, including those of an epidemiologic nature, have given rise to revisions and amendments to accepted bacterial taxonomy. Summaries of microbial taxonomy updates, such as those introduced in this edition of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, are essential to routine practice in the clinical microbiology laboratory.Since 2014, laboratories subscribing to the College of American Pathologists accreditation program have encountered checklist standard MIC.11375 in the context of biennial inspection exercises. The standard (1) requires laboratories to assimilate "taxonomic changes that potentially affect the choice of appropriate antimicrobials to report and/or the interpretative breakpoints to use." Cited as an example for the context of this standard is the Gram-negative bacillus with the former taxonomic designation Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The taxonomic revision in 1985 (2) resulting in organism classification within the genus Haemophilus subsequently enabled antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinically significant isolates using standards outlined in Table 2E of CLSI supplement M100S (example provided in [3]). Haemophilus test medium, with a 16-to 18-hour incubation in 5% CO 2 enrichment, could be utilized for disk diffusion. Haemophilus test medium broth could also be inoculated for broth microdilution testing with 20-to 24-hour incubation in ambient air.Subsequent reclassification of this organism into the genus Aggregatibacter (4) has resulted in the transition of susceptibility testing guidelines to those specific to (former) HACEK group organisms (Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella spp.) in Table 9 of the CLSI guideline M45 (5).

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Human Infections with New Subspecies ofCampylobacter fetus

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Occurrence, Diversity, and Host Association of Intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles

Occurrence, Diversity, and Host Association of Intestinal Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter in Reptiles

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Lizard Faeces from Central Australia Using Quantitative PCR

What's in a Name? New Bacterial Species and Changes to Taxonomic Status from 2012 through 2015

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