Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

Claas, Eric C. J.; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Beek, Ruud van; Jong, J.C. de; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Senne, Dennis A.; Krauss, Scott; Shortridge, K. F.; Webster, Robert G.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11212-0

Cited by 1,259 publications

(854 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…From the avian reservoirs, LPAI viruses and/or specific gene segments have crossed genera, families, orders, and even classes of animals with the pig emerging as a “mixing vessel” or bridging species for adaptation of novel IAVs to mammals, some leading to human infections and new endemic HA subtypes. In addition, direct transmission into man of wholly avian H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus has occurred, but the H5 subtype has not adapted for sustained transmission in mammals 3. Likewise, LPAI viruses are not adapted to humans, and infection through direct contact with birds is extremely rare 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Balzli

Lager

Vincent

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe ability of pigs to become infected with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and then generate mammalian adaptable influenza A viruses is difficult to determine. Yet, it is an important link to understanding any relationship between LPAI virus ecology and possible epidemics among swine and/or humans.ObjectivesAssess susceptibility of pigs to LPAI viruses found within the United States and their direct contact transmission potential.MethodsPigs were inoculated with one of ten H5 or H7 LPAI viruses selected from seven different bird species to test infectivity, virulence, pathogenesis, and potential to transmit virus to contact pigs through histological, RRT‐PCR and seroconversion data.ResultsAlthough pigs were susceptible to infection with each of the LPAI viruses, no clinical disease was recognized in any pig. During the acute phase of the infection, minor pulmonary lesions were found in some pigs and one or more pigs in each group were RRT‐PCR‐positive in the lower respiratory tract, but no virus was detected in upper respiratory tract (negative nasal swabs). Except for one group, one or more pigs in each LPAI group developed antibody. No LPAI viruses transmitted to contact pigs.Conclusions LPAI strains from various bird populations within the United States are capable of infecting pigs. Although adaptability and transmission of individual strains seem unlikely, the subclinical nature of the infections demonstrates the need to improve sampling and testing methods to more accurately measure incidence of LPAI virus infection in pigs, and their potential role in human‐zoonotic LPAI virus dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Balzli

Lager

Vincent

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…H3N2, H2N2 and H1N1 strains have been responsible for influenza-associated disease and mortality in the last decades in humans, while fatal infections by the highly pathogenic H7N7 and H5N1 avian strains have occurred sporadically [41,66,151]. In pigs, influenza A infection is caused by H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes [27].…”

Section: Canine Influenzavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine respiratory viruses

2007

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-Acute contagious respiratory disease (kennel cough) is commonly described in dogs worldwide. The disease appears to be multifactorial and a number of viral and bacterial pathogens have been reported as potential aetiological agents, including canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica, as well as mycoplasmas, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, canine herpesvirus and reovirus-1,-2 and -3. Enhancement of pathogenicity by multiple infections can result in more severe clinical forms. In addition, acute respiratory diseases associated with infection by influenza A virus, and group I and II coronaviruses, have been described recently in dogs. Host species shifts and tropism changes are likely responsible for the onset of these new pathogens. The importance of the viral agents in the kennel cough complex is discussed.

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“…La neuraminidasa, por otra parte, es una proteína tetramérica que facilita la extensión de viriones en el huésped principal, cortando los residuos del ácido siálico que están presentes en los mucopolisacáridos de la superficie celular y facilitando la conexión de la hemaglutinina a los receptores celulares 43 .…”

Section: Virologíaunclassified

Gripe aviar: lo que un intensivista debe conocer

Casillas¹,

Fernandez²,

Varon³

2008

Medicina Intensiva

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En el siglo pasado, la humanidad ha hecho frente a tres de las mayores pandemias de infecciones por el virus de la gripe. La primera fue en 1918, y causó una cantidad significativa de muertes. Éste ha sido también capaz de cruzar la barrera de la especie y afectar a los mamíferos y, lo más preocupante, a los seres humanos. Desde entonces se han publicado varios brotes en el sudeste de Asia. Una gran cantidad de pacientes presenta un curso severo que desarrolla neumonía y disfunción, que implica al hígado, los riñones, el cerebro y los pulmones.Puesto que el virus carece de control regulador de la división genética, experimenta mutaciones constantes que conducen a nuevos subtipos y a nuevas cepas. Los únicos fármacos que han mostrado cierta protección son oseltamivir y zanamivir. Es crucial desarrollar vacunas eficaces y no costosas para prevenir la extensión del virus y la infección, no solamente en seres humanos sino también en aves. PALABRAS CLAVE: gripe aviar, fallo respiratorio agudo, virus H5N1, neuraminidasa, oseltamivir. BIRD FLU: WHAT THE INTENSIVIST MUST KNOWIn the last century, humankind has faced 3 major pandemics of influenza virus infections. The first one occurred in 1918 and caused a significant amount of deaths. It was also capable of crossing over species barrier and affecting mammals, and most worrisome, humans. Since then several outbreaks have been reported in the Southeast of Asia. Many patients with the flu-like illness have a severe course and the patient develops pneumonia and in some cases multiorgan failure involving liver, kidneys, brain and lungs.Since the virus lacks regulatory control of genetic division it undergoes constant mutations leading to new subtypes and, sometimes, new strains. The only drugs that have shown some protection are oseltamivir and zanamivir. It is crucial to develop effective and non-expensive vaccines to prevent the virus spread and infection not only in humans but in birds too.

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Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

Cited by 1,259 publications

References 29 publications

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses

Canine respiratory viruses

Gripe aviar: lo que un intensivista debe conocer

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