Human kidney stones: a natural record of universal biomineralization

Sivaguru, Mayandi; Saw, Jessica J.; Wilson, Elena; Lieske, John C.; Krambeck, Amy E.; Williams, James C.; Romero, Michael F.; Fouke, Kyle W.; Curtis, Matthew W.; Kear-Scott, Jamie L.; Chia, Nicholas; Fouke, Bruce W.

doi:10.1038/s41585-021-00469-x

Cited by 43 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…Biomineralization refers to a charming process describing the formation of various biominerals participated by complex interactions of organic and inorganic molecules (Berendsen and Olsen, 2015;Kim et al, 2016;Grünewald et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Schoeppler et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021). It is a typical interdisciplinary subject attracting biologists (Muñoz et al, 2019), chemists (Yuan et al, 2019), and geologists (Sivaguru et al, 2018;Sivaguru et al, 2020;Sivaguru et al, 2021) to figure out its potential mechanisms, and also provide inspiring clues to bionic applications (Cho et al, 2018). Biominerals are commonly highly organized.…”

Section: What Is Biomineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Nucleation Process of Biomineralization

Qin

Zhang

2022

Front. Chem.

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Biomineralization is a typical interdisciplinary subject attracting biologists, chemists, and geologists to figure out its potential mechanism. A mounting number of studies have revealed that the classical nucleation theory is not suitable for all nucleation process of biominerals, and phase-separated structures such as polymer-induced liquid precursors (PILPs) play essential roles in the non-classical nucleation processes. These structures are able to play diverse roles biologically or pathologically, and could also give inspiring clues to bionic applications. However, a lot of confusion and dispute occurred due to the intricacy and interdisciplinary nature of liquid precursors. Researchers in different fields may have different opinions because the terminology and current state of understanding is not common knowledge. As a result, our team reviewed the most recent articles focusing on the nucleation processes of various biominerals to clarify the state-of-the-art understanding of some essential concepts and guide the newcomers to enter this intricate but charming field.

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Section: What Is Biomineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Nucleation Process of Biomineralization

Qin

Zhang

2022

Front. Chem.

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“…Research during the 1930-70's commonly focused on the origins of biomineralization within living and cadaver human renal tissues and provided plenty of evidence that the initial mineralization process undistinguishable between stone formers and non-stone formers [4][5][6][7][8] , while recent studies have tended to focus more on fully formed stones in humans and in stone forming animals such as canines [9][10][11] . However, it remains largely unknown and highly controversial just how, and if, the crystalline products of early-stage renal biomineralization impacts late-stage Randall's plaque formation at the renal papillae 6,[11][12][13] .…”

Section: The Hypothesis Of Seven Decadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) 11 . These small suspended crystals grow in size, potentially form crystalline aggregates anywhere in the renal tubules and collecting ducts, contribute to stone formation in the calyx, and undergo physical, chemical and biological alterations (diagenetic phase transitions) 13 . All of these crystallization processes could accelerate in the tubular fluid of stone formers due to increased calcium (hypercalciuric), oxalate (hyperoxaluric), hypocitraturic and phosphate concentrations, which result from increased fluid saturation states due to dehydration, pH, diet and other factors 11 .…”

Section: A Crystalline Cascade Prequel To Randall's Plaque Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continued crystal growth and aggregation within tubules would lead to partial or complete clogging of the tubule (Stage 2; Fig. 1) 13 . These crystals, some of which bind to epithelial cell receptors, could trigger both signal transduction and a proinflammatory response that includes: (1) production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 12 ; (2) endocytosis 15 ; and (3) transport of the HAP, COD and COM crystals through the epithelium, across the basement membrane, and dislodge them into the interstitium 7,11 .…”

Section: Connecting the Dotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renal Macrophages and Multinucleated Giant Cells: Ferrymen of the River Styx?

Sivaguru¹,

Fouke²

2022

Kidney360

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“…Calcium oxalate is a mineral of the oxalate group and occurs naturally in humans, in plants, and in various industrial processes. − In the pulp and paper industry and in the production process of sugar, it is important to suppress the precipitation of calcium oxalate. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization: Influence of pH, Energy Input, and Supersaturation Ratio on the Synthesis of Artificial Kidney Stones

et al. 2021

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The removal of kidney stones can lead to small residual fragments remaining in the human body. Residual stone fragments can act as seeds for kidney stone crystallization and may necessitate another intervention. Therefore, it is important to create a consistent model with a particle size comparable to the range of kidney stone fragments. Thus, the size-determining parameters such as supersaturation ratio, energy input, and pH value are examined. The batch crystallizations were performed with supersaturation ratios between 5.07 and 6.12. The compositions of the dried samples were analyzed with Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The samples were identified as calcium oxalate monohydrate with spectroscopic analysis, while calcium oxalate dihydrate being the most prominent crystalline species at all supersaturation ratios for the investigated conditions. The aggregate size, obtained with analytical centrifugation, varied between 2.9 and 4.3 μm, while the crystallite domain size, obtained from XRD, varied from 40 to 61 nm. Our results indicate that particle sizes increase with increasing supersaturation, energy input, and pH. All syntheses yield a high particle heterogeneity and represent an ideal basis for reference materials of small kidney stone fragments. These results will help better understand and control the crystallization of calcium oxalate and the aggregation of such pseudopolymorphs.

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Human kidney stones: a natural record of universal biomineralization

Cited by 43 publications

References 243 publications

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Nucleation Process of Biomineralization

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Nucleation Process of Biomineralization

Renal Macrophages and Multinucleated Giant Cells: Ferrymen of the River Styx?

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization: Influence of pH, Energy Input, and Supersaturation Ratio on the Synthesis of Artificial Kidney Stones

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