Human‐lymphocyte cell friendly starch–hydroxyapatite biodegradable composites: Hydrophilic mechanism, mechanical, and structural impact

Abstract

Biodegradable starch (Str) polymer was derived from potato, a plant-based natural carbohydrate polymers source, by one-pot synthesis. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was produced from goat bone by step sintering. The inexpensive starch/HA thin film composites were fabricated by customized spin coating. This study revealed that the hydrogen bond energy and distance have significant effect on glass transition temperature of the polymer. The 40 wt % HA contained starch (StrHA40) composite thin film showed excellent tensile strength (3.03 + −0.03 MPa), elongation (21.5 + −5.5%) and modulus (15.5 + −0.2 MPa) closed to human skin. The in vitro swelling and biodegradation kinetics of pristine starch and pure HA has been controlled and improved by using suitable composition. This study postulated the probable water molecule-adsorption mechanisms of pristine starch and starch/HA composite films. The StrHA40 composite showed excellent biocompatibility to the human-blood derived lymphocyte cells. Therefore, the starch/HA thin film composite-based biodegradable scaffolds developed in the present study can be an excellent potential candidate for soft tissue regeneration and/or replacement applications.

Development of gum odina‐gelatin based antimicrobial loaded biodegradable spongy scaffold: A promising wound care tool

“…33 The controlled degradation of the prepared scaffolds is a crucial factor for tissue engineering applications as reported by Sudheesh Kumar et al 48 Pramanik et al also confirmed the role of starch-hydroxyapatite biodegradable composites in the biomedical application as the composite successfully had been degraded between 3 and 15 days. 7 This result also might be associated to the degradation of GO-HP-G scaffolds (F3B and F3D). Thereby, the experimental scaffolds (F3B and F3D) would be used as a potent biodegradable wound dressing material in the near future.…”

“…The presence of a trace amount of uronic acid and protein, the pH of GO was found to be acidic in nature 9 which would be very much effective for wound healing. 17 Mitra et al 15 already reported the stability of GO in acidic pH (3)(4) and degradability at basic pH (6)(7)(8). Hence, the degradation of GO might be facilitated due to alkaline environment at the wound site, 18 which could be a good agreement with biodegradability and release of drug molecules from the wound care product at the affected site.…”

“…5,6 Several synthetic polymers like poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid), poly(α-hydroxyl acids) (PHA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and poly(L-lactic acid) have been developed as a biopolymer for biomedical application. 7 Compared to synthetic polymers, natural polymers are abundant, quite inexpensive, eco-friendly, sustainable, biodegradable in nature. Moreover, a major disadvantage of the conventional synthetic polymer is that upon their degradation, the local pH value got decreased which may induce the inflammatory reaction.…”

“…Use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers in the biomedical application have enormous role for their good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. 7 Temporary presence of biodegradable polymeric scaffold will not induce trauma on removal. 8 Therefore we have tried to prepare a natural polymer-based biodegradable, inexpensive wound dressing scaffold as an artificial extracellular matrix 5 bearing desired nature of an ideal dressing material such as protective barrier against susceptible infections, mechanical protection at the affected site which might be a promising approach in biomedical application.…”

Effect of hydroxyapatite on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of starch-based bio-nanocomposite films

“…Also, the mechanical properties have been reduced by increasing hydroxyapatite concentration due to the agglomeration formation during processing of composite above 40 w% hydroxyapatite in starch. 35 Menzel et al investigated the molecular structure of citric acid cross-linked starch films and showed that curing the films at a high concentration of citric acid (30 pph) at 150°C extensively increases cross-linking reaction. 36 It has been reported that increasing the citric acid content up to 30 pph extensively promotes the cross-linking reaction and makes no toxicity.…”