Human males and females body thermoregulation: Perfusion effect analysis

Acharya, Saraswati; Gurung, Dil Bahadur; Saxena, V. P.

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.07.006

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For the numerical analysis males inner skin and fat metabolic level Table 1 have been assigned to each physical and physiological parameter in each subregion of dermal part [5,8,10]. Table 1 Parameter values used in model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two dimensional finite element method for metabolic effect in thermoregulation on human males and females skin layers

Acharya

Gurung²,

Saxena³

2015

J Coast Life Med

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two dimensional finite element method for metabolic effect in thermoregulation on human males and females skin layers

Acharya

Gurung²,

Saxena³

2015

J Coast Life Med

Self Cite

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“…Blood flow carries about 50-80% of the heat in or out the body tissues [94,95]. There are many biophysical models that have been formulated to study temperature change or regulation by perfusion.…”

Section: Perfusion Process In the Human Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Simultaneous Scalp or Intracranial EEG during MRI: A Review

Hawsawi

Carmichael²,

Lemieux

2017

Front. Phys.

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Understanding the brain and its activity is one of the great challenges of modern science. Normal brain activity (cognitive processes, etc.) has been extensively studied using electroencephalography (EEG) since the 1930's, in the form of spontaneous fluctuations in rhythms, and patterns, and in a more experimentally-driven approach in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) allowing us to relate scalp voltage waveforms to brain states and behavior. The use of EEG recorded during functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) is a more recent development that has become an important tool in clinical neuroscience, for example for the study of epileptic activity. The purpose of this review is to explore the magnetic resonance imaging safety aspects specifically associated with the use of scalp EEG and other brain-implanted electrodes such as intracranial EEG electrodes when they are subjected to the MRI environment. We provide a theoretical overview of the mechanisms at play specifically associated with the presence of EEG equipment connected to the subject in the MR environment, and of the resulting health hazards. This is followed by a survey of the literature on the safety of scalp or invasive EEG-fMRI data acquisitions across field strengths, with emphasis on the practical implications for the safe application of the techniques; in particular, we attempt to summarize the findings in terms of acquisition protocols when possible.

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“…However, cells and tissues often exhibit a layered, or laminate, structure . This structure can facilitate a variety of functions including mass transport, − thermal insulation, and managing mechanical stress. , One system of particular interest is that of the eye: the tough sclera maintains the intraocular pressure, but that mechanically strong tissue is topped with the more compliant layer of stratified epithelial cells, which is again topped by flexible microvilli and glycocalyx, finally manifesting in the viscous, aqueous gel of the tear film (Figure A). From a mechanical perspective, the monotonic increase in compliance through these layers can be considered a gradient of stiffness decreasing toward the outer surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Contact Mechanics with Gradient-Stiffness Surfaces

2022

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The stiffness in the top surface of many biological entities like cornea or articular cartilage, as well as chemically cross-linked synthetic hydrogels, can be significantly lower or more compliant than the bulk. When such a heterogeneous surface comes into contact, the contacting load is distributed differently from typical contact models. The mechanical response under indentation loading of a surface with a gradient of stiffness is a complex, integrated response that necessarily includes the heterogeneity. In this work, we identify empirical contact models between a rigid indenter and gradient elastic surfaces by numerically simulating quasi-static indentation. Three key case studies revealed the specific ways in which (I) continuous gradients, (II) laminate-layer gradients, and (III) alternating gradients generate new contact mechanics at the shallow-depth limit. Validation of the simulation-generated models was done by micro- and nanoindentation experiments on polyacrylamide samples synthesized to have a softer gradient surface layer. The field of stress and stretch in the subsurface as visualized from the simulations also reveals that the gradient layers become confined, which pushes the stretch fields closer to the surface and radially outward. Thus, contact areas are larger than expected, and average contact pressures are lower than predicted by the Hertz model. The overall findings of this work are new contact models and the mechanisms by which they change. These models allow a more accurate interpretation of the plethora of indentation data on surface gradient soft matter (biological and synthetic) as well as a better prediction of the force response to gradient soft surfaces. This work provides examples of how gradient hydrogel surfaces control the subsurface stress distribution and loading response.

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Human males and females body thermoregulation: Perfusion effect analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Two dimensional finite element method for metabolic effect in thermoregulation on human males and females skin layers

Two dimensional finite element method for metabolic effect in thermoregulation on human males and females skin layers

Safety of Simultaneous Scalp or Intracranial EEG during MRI: A Review

Soft Contact Mechanics with Gradient-Stiffness Surfaces

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