Human milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria for the infant gut

Martı́n, Rocı́o; Langa, Susana; Reviriego, C.; Jimínez, Esther; Marín, María; Xaus, Jordi; Fernández, Leónides; Rodríguez, Juan M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.09.028

Cited by 675 publications

(577 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…12,27 HM feeding promotes development of an intestinal ecosystem in which bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the predominate organisms. [28][29][30] These microorganisms interact with the intestine to diminish intestinal inflammatory response to the pathogenic bacteria and toxins that may contribute to the development of NEC. It may be that high HM proportion of enteral feeding in the first 2 weeks assists with reducing inflammation by promoting symbiotic bacterial colonization and/or through other anti-inflammatory properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

et al. 2007

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Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a frequent cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Human milk (HM) feeding has been associated with lower risk of NEC. However, mothers of VLBW infants often experience insufficient milk production, resulting in mixed feedings of HM and formula. Moreover, medical complications often limit the volume of feeding they can be given.Objective: To determine if high proportions of (50% or greater) HM enteral feeding within the first 14 days of life are protective against NEC.Method: This was a prospective cohort study of VLBW infants who were grouped according to the HM proportion of enteral feeding in the first 14 days: <50% (low human milk, LHM, n ¼ 46) and X50% (high human milk, HHM, n ¼ 156). The outcome of interest was development of NEC (Bell stage 2 or 3). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and to assess potential confounding due to perinatal risk factors.Result: Two hundred and two infants were studied. Confirmed NEC occurred in 5/46 (10.6%) of the LHM group, as compared with 5/156 (3.2%) of the HHM. Gestational age was the only perinatal factor associated with risk of NEC. After adjustment for gestational age, HHM was associated with a lower risk of NEC ((OR ¼ 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.68), P ¼ 0.01). Conclusion:Enteral feeding containing at least 50% HM in the first 14 days of life was associated with a sixfold decrease in the odds of NEC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

et al. 2007

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“…In 2003, the lactobacilli content of milk, mammary areola, and breast skin of eight Spanish healthy lactating mothers, as well as the oral cavity and feces of their infants, were detected using selective culture media (24). Isolates from each dyad of mother and infant were characterized at the strain level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction.…”

Section: Potentially Beneficial Bacteria In Human Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk and infant intestinal mucosal glycans guide succession of the neonatal intestinal microbiota

Newburg

Morelli

2014

Pediatr Res

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“…Past studies suggest that during the intrauterine life there is an efflux of commensal bacteria from the mother to the child. 23 The presence of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus sanguinis was identified in cord blood samples 24 and these species are frequently detected during the first days of life, generally regarded as commensal organisms in healthy children. 23,24 Thus, the bacteria detected in the babies' saliva could have been delivered to the fetus in utero and thereby stimulating the development of the mucosal immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of IgA response in saliva and colostrum against oral streptococci species

et al. 2017

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The present study compared IgA specificity against oral streptococci in colostrum and saliva samples. Sixty-two mother-and-child pairs were included; samples of colostrum (C) and saliva (MS) were collected from the mothers and saliva samples were collected from babies (BS). The specificity of IgA against Streptococcus mutans and S. mitis were analyzed by western blot. Only 30% of babies' samples presented IgA reactivity to S. mutans, while 74 and 80% of MS and C, respectively, presented this response. IgA reactivity to S. mutans virulence antigens (Ag I/II, Gtf and GbpB) in positive samples showed differences between samples for Gtf and especially for GbpB (p < 0.05), but responses to Ag I/II were similar (p > 0.05). The positive response of Gtf-reactive IgA was different between C (90%) and MS (58%) samples (p < 0.05), but did not differ from BS (p > 0.05). GbpB was the least detected, with 48 and 26% of C and MS, and only 5% of BS samples presenting reactivity (p > 0.05). Eight percent of MS and C samples presented identical bands to SM in the same time-point. In conclusion, the differences of IgA response found between C and MS can be due to the different ways of stimulation, proliferation and transportation of IgA in those secretions. The colostrum has high levels of IgA against S. mutans virulence antigens, which could affect the installation and accumulation process of S. mutans, mainly by supplying anti-GbpB IgA to the neonate.

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Human milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria for the infant gut

Cited by 675 publications

References 19 publications

Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants

Human milk and infant intestinal mucosal glycans guide succession of the neonatal intestinal microbiota

Comparisons of IgA response in saliva and colostrum against oral streptococci species

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