Human milk oligosaccharides reduce Entamoeba histolytica adhesion and cytotoxicity in vitro

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect Bladder Epithelial Cells Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Invasion and Cytotoxicity

“…HMOs are increasingly recognized as an important innate defense strategy against many microbial infections, with studies proposing HMOs as host receptor mimics that bind to surface adhesins of microbes to interfere with their ability to interact with surface glycan receptors of epithelial cells [14][15][16][17][18]. Particularly, Martin-Sosa and colleagues described binding of the sialylated fraction of HMOs to UPEC, implying that HMOs hinder UPEC adherence to host cells [15].…”

“…HMOs serve as soluble decoy receptors for surface adhesins of various microbes, and may competitively interfere with pathogen attachment to host cellular receptors, impeding colonization or infection. This has been demonstrated for Entamoeba histolytica, Streptococcus pneumoniae, enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Helicobacter pylori, as well as viruses [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Oligosaccharides can interact directly with the surface of bacteria, with the potential to inhibit attachment to host cells [14][15][16][17]. To examine whether HMOs affect UPEC adhesion to human bladder epithelial cells, we infected HTB-9 cell monolayers with UPEC in the presence or absence of 15 mg/mL of HMOs isolated from pooled human milk.…”

Epigenetics and neurodegeneration: role of early-life nutrition

“…Proteobacteria are believed to be important contributors to inflammation associated with metabolic disease in adults, and their role in infant immunity is critical for early priming of the innate and adaptive immune system [147][148][149]. Recently, differences in HMOs composition in mother's milk have also been associated with infant growth and body composition [150].…”

7 Muttermilch: bioaktive Komponenten und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Säugling und darüber hinaus

“…HMO sind außerdem mit einem geringeren Risiko einer HIV-Übertragung [104] sowie von Atem-und Harnwegsinfektionen [100] assoziiert. Zudem verleihen sie über eine veränderte Genexpression in Darmzellen vermutlich einen gewissen Schutz vor spezifischen Protozoen wie etwa Entamoeba histolytica [105]. HMO hemmen die Proliferation von B-Streptokokken [106] und die Besiedlung unreifer Darmzellen durch Candida albicans [107].…”