Human neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles

Borregaard, Niels; Lollike, Karsten; Kjeldsen, Lars; Sengeløv, Henrik; Bastholm, Lone; Nielsen, Merete Folmer; Bainton, Dorothy F.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.1993.tb00629.x

Cited by 278 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Although proportionately similar, the absolute concentrations of MMP-8 released from neutrophils activated with pneumolysin and f-MLP, individually and in combination, were less than those of MMP-9, which appeared to reflect the total intracellular concentrations of these enzymes. The higher intracellular level of MMP-9 observed in the present study may reflect the relative intracellular distribution of MMP-8 and -9, with the former being located exclusively in secondary granules, and the latter in both secondary and tertiary granules [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Pneumolysin induces release of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 from human neutrophils

Cockeran¹,

Mitchell²,

Feldman³

2009

Eur Respir J

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The research question addressed in the current study was: does the pneumococcal pore-forming toxin, pneumolysin, mobilise matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 and -9 from isolated human blood neutrophils at sublytic concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng?mL -1 ?MMPs were measured in the supernatants of unstimulated neutrophils and of cells exposed to pneumolysin and the chemoattractant N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (f-MLP; 0.1 mM), individually and in combination, using ELISA procedures, and alterations in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations were monitored using a fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (fura-2/AM)-based spectrofluorimetric method. Treatment of neutrophils with pneumolysin alone caused dose-related release of both MMPs, whereas f-MLP caused modest increases; the combination of both activators was, however, most effective. Pneumolysin/f-MLP-activated release of the MMPs from the cells was paralleled by increases in cytosolic Ca 2+ .Exposure of human neutrophils to pneumolysin is accompanied by mobilisation of MMPs, which is potentiated by f-MLP. If operative in vivo, pneumolysin-mediated release of MMPs from neutrophils and other cell types may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe pneumococcal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Pneumolysin induces release of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 from human neutrophils

Cockeran¹,

Mitchell²,

Feldman³

2009

Eur Respir J

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“…We determined that MIA protein secretion is a Ca 2+ -regulated process, similar to the previously described secretion of many other specialized exocytic vesicles such as azurophile granules in neutrophils [44], specific granules in mast cells [45] and lytic granules in cytotoxic Tlymphocytes [46,47]. The most thoroughly characterized Ca 2+ -triggered exocytosis is the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic space [48].…”

Section: Mia Protein Secretion Is a Ca 2+ -Regulated Process And Is Dmentioning

confidence: 77%

Migration-associated secretion of melanoma inhibitory activity at the cell rear is supported by KCa3.1 potassium channels

et al. 2010

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“…This phosphatase, in combination with oxidases has served as a marker for "professional phagocytes," the phagocytic immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils in mammals (Borregard et al, 1993). The scattered non-specific esterase, peroxidase, DOPA oxidase, and quinone positive cells infused throughout the cell cords in the mesoglea seem ideally situated to migrate to sites of need.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies focus on cellular functions (chemo-taxis and phagocytosis) and on cellular contents (hydrolases, (per)oxidases, lysozyme (Söderhäll and Smith, 1983). Human neutrophils have been extensively studied and several reviews list granule contents for the main granule types (Borregard et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since hemocytes and leukocytes have for many years been characterized based on their enzyme content I decided to use this approach and choose the following enzymes due to their co-localization to phagocytic hemocytes: (1) alkaline and (2) acid phosphatase, (3) non-specific esterases, (4) β-glucuronidase, (5) peroxidase, and (6) DOPA/phenol oxidase. The first four enzyme groups are hydrolytic enzymes that aid in the killing and intracellular digestion of microbes (Borregard, et al, 1993;Hayhoe and Quaglino, 1994). Peroxidase is a proxy for the superoxide (respiratory burst) mediated killing system and was one of the first enzymes linked to phagocytes (Fishel, 1910).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of the Innate Immune System in the Caribbean Octocoral Swiftia exserta

Menzel¹

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All rights reserved.iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the members of my committee for their support, patience, and good humor during some very trying times. They selflessly shared reagents, protocols, equipment, and advice; their help has been most appreciated. Using Swiftia exserta, an azooxanthellate ahermatypic local octocoral, as a proxy model organism to study aspects of innate immunity in corals and cnidaria allows us to address both of the reasons listed above while not using endangered species. Utilizing a coral that does not contain symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) simplifies the system by restricting the source of proteins to a single genome. The lack of zooxanthellae in Swiftia exserta also allows the animal's simple adaptation to lab settings.This study of the innate immune system of an octocoral demonstrates: 1) a novel understanding of the microanatomy of octocoral tissues; 2) that Swiftia exserta has at least two cell types that function as constitutive immunocytes; and 3) the presence of two vi potent antibacterial peptides, one with a mass between 4694 and 4696 Daltons. My report on the microanatomy of the coenenchyme, the tissue between polyps, advances the understanding of octocoral anatomy by systematically comparing histology sections with electron micrographs. Applying various techniques of enzyme histochemistry, coupled with cryo-preservation, to the coenenchyme I have identified at least two populations of constitutive immunocytes in Swiftia exserta. Two antibacterial proteins are identified by protein purification and antimicrobial testing techniques. The more active protein is partially characterized with modern hyphenated mass-spectrometry techniques, and can be the focus of future study.

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Human neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles

Cited by 278 publications

References 97 publications

Pneumolysin induces release of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 from human neutrophils

Pneumolysin induces release of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 from human neutrophils

Migration-associated secretion of melanoma inhibitory activity at the cell rear is supported by KCa3.1 potassium channels

Aspects of the Innate Immune System in the Caribbean Octocoral Swiftia exserta

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