Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chains are encoded by two genes located on different chromosomes.

Simons, Michael; Wang, M; McBride, O W; Kawamoto, Sachiyo; Yamakawa, Katsutoshi; Gdula, David A.; Adelstein, Robert S.; Weir, Lawrence

doi:10.1161/01.res.69.2.530

Cited by 259 publications

(193 citation statements)

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“…Its heavy chain has three isoforms in mice, including Myh9, Myh10 and Myh14, among which Myh9 accounts 480% of the total 7,8 . Recent studies revealed that dissociation-induced actin-myosin contraction caused the apoptosis of embryonic and induced-pluripotent stem cells [9][10][11] .…”

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confidence: 99%

The non-muscle-myosin-II heavy chain Myh9 mediates colitis-induced epithelium injury by restricting Lgr5+ stem cells

Zhao

et al. 2015

Nat Commun

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Lgr5 þ stem cells are crucial to gut epithelium homeostasis, and therapies targeting these cells hold promise for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Here we report that the non-muscle-myosin-II (NMII) heavy chain Myh9 accumulates at epithelial injury sites in mice distal colon treated with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Gut-epithelium-specific Myh9 monoallelic deletion alleviates DSS-induced colonic crypt damage and acute colitis. Consistently, the NMII inhibitor blebbistatin can improve the survival of Lgr5 þ stem cells and the growth of Lgr5 organoids. Mechanistically, inhibition of NMII by blebbistatin or Myh9 monoallelic deletion activates Akt through Rac1 and PAK1, which is essential for the survival and pluripotency of Lgr5 þ cells. These results establish a critical role of the Myh9-Rac1-PAK1-Akt pathway in the maintenance of Lgr5 þ stem cells. As blebbistatin can mitigate DSS-induced colitis and preserve Lgr5 þ colonic stem cells in vivo, our findings provide a potential therapeutic intervention of gastrointestinal epithelium injury and degenerative diseases.

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confidence: 99%

The non-muscle-myosin-II heavy chain Myh9 mediates colitis-induced epithelium injury by restricting Lgr5+ stem cells

Zhao

et al. 2015

Nat Commun

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“…KIAA0454 encodes a nonmuscle myosin heavy chain A (NMMHC-A)-like protein which might play a role in smooth muscle cell proliferation. 30,31 The related 1q21.1 sequence showed 97% identity at a nucleotide level and 97% identity at an amino acid level with KIAA0454. However, the 1q21.1 sequence did not have any representative ESTs in dbEST as determined by BLASTN analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakpoint sequences of an 1;8 translocation in a family with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

et al. 2000

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Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a common, heritable neurological disorder manifested by chronic motor and vocal tics with childhood onset. Previous extensive linkage analysis failed to identify a GTS gene based on an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Recently, a family was reported with a balanced chromosomal translocation t(1;8)(q21.1;q22.1) in family members with GTS or tics. Chromosome 8q22.1 was previously implicated in GTS by both association and linkage results. We therefore cloned and sequenced both translocation breakpoints from this family. The CBFA2T1 gene was identified 11 kb distal to the 8q22.1 breakpoint. Sequencing of CBFA2TI exons within 37 unrelated GTS patients failed to identify any mutations. However, it is possible that the translocation altered the expression of this gene or another nearby gene. Examination of the breakpoint sequences revealed a duplication of six nucleotides from chromosome 8 but no change in the chromosome 1 sequence. The sequences immediately flanking the breakpoints on the two chromosomes were modestly similar, but the breakpoints did not occur within known interspersed repeats. Our results add to our knowledge of the genetics of GTS and the mechanisms of balanced chromosomal translocations.

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“…It is a major cytoskeletal protein, which is found in the contractile apparatus in muscle cells as well as in nonmuscle cells. In smooth muscle tissue, protein and molecular data provide evidence for two smooth muscle myosin heavy chains (MHCs), designated as SM1 and SM2, approximately 204 kDa and 200 kDa, respectively, which are the products of alternate mRNA splicing differing in their carboxy termini [2,21,23,30], and two non-muscle MHCs, designated as NMA and NMB, approximately 196 kDa and 198 kDa, respectively [13,14,16,27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two pairs of primers taken from the sequence of the human non-muscle type A cDNA (nt 1164 and 1935) and type B cDNA (nt 980 and 1751), one pair from each [27], were synthesized using a DNA synthesizer. The nucleotide sequences of RANMMHCA and RANMMHCB were determined by the dideoxy-chain termination method [25] and are available through DDJB (GenBank/EMBL) Access Number D63693 and D63694.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Expression Patterns of Myosin Heavy Chain Genes in the Ductus Arteriosus and Uterus of Rabbits.

Sakurai

Imamura

Furutani

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In smooth muscle tissue, two smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (SM1, SM2) and two non-muscle MHC isoforms (NMA, NMB) have been identified. The purpose of our study was to clarify whether smooth muscle MHC mRNA expression reflects the physiological and functional state of the muscle. We studied the expression pattern of MHC mRNAs, using the S1-nuclease mapping procedure, in functionally and morphologically changeable organs; the ductus arteriosus (DA) during development (25 and 29 days of gestation, and from 3-day-old neonates) and uteri from virgin, day-10 pregnant (P10) and day-29 pregnant (P29) rabbits. The results demonstrated that SM2 expression was greater in the fetal DA than in the fetal aortic and pulmonary arteries, but that it decreased significantly following closure of DA. In the gravid uterus, SM1 expression was significantly (P<0.05) strong compared to other MHC mRNAs from virgin to P10 rabbits. During pregnancy, NMB expression showed a tendency to increase until P10, and after P10, SM2 expression increased dramatically and NMB expression decreased to give almost a mirror image of the SM2 expression. Smooth muscle type (SM1, SM2) was significantly (P<0.05) strong compared to non-muscle type expression (NMA, NMB) at P29. These data suggest that smooth muscle MHC mRNA, especially SM2 expression reflects the physiological and functional state of the smooth muscle.-KEY WORDS: ductus arteriosus, myosin heavy chain, non-muscle, smooth muscle, uterus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61(9): 1049-1054, 1999 the uterus during pregnancy as unique functions. The DA is a unique vessel, consisting largely of dense layers of smooth muscle, that closes after birth, whereas the aortic artery (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA) are composed mainly of elastic fibers. On the other hand, the uterus follows a hypertrophic and hyperplastic process as a result of chronic stretching induced by the ingrowing fetus. Therefore, the DA and the uterus offer an excellent model system to study MHC gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODSTissue samples: Female adult Japanese white rabbits and their fetuses were used for these studies. DA, Ao and PA were obtained from fetuses at 25 and 29 days of gestation (G25 and G29) and from 3-day-old neonates. Uteri from virgin rabbits and from day 10 (P10) and day 29 (P29) pregnant rabbits were also obtained. The outer layer and the endothelium were mechanically removed from the blood vessels and only the medial layer (smooth muscle) was subjected to our analysis. These samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at 80°C until use.Total RNA extraction: Total RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction [6] was performed on the tissue samples. The tissues were minced on ice and homogenized in denaturing solution [solution D (1 ml/100 mg tissue)]. Solution D contained 4 M guanidinium thiocyanate (Fluka Chemika Biochemika, Buchs, Switzerland), 25 mM sodium citrate (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan), pH 7, 0.5% sarcosyl

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Human nonmuscle myosin heavy chains are encoded by two genes located on different chromosomes.

Cited by 259 publications

References 46 publications

The non-muscle-myosin-II heavy chain Myh9 mediates colitis-induced epithelium injury by restricting Lgr5+ stem cells

The non-muscle-myosin-II heavy chain Myh9 mediates colitis-induced epithelium injury by restricting Lgr5+ stem cells

Breakpoint sequences of an 1;8 translocation in a family with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Unique Expression Patterns of Myosin Heavy Chain Genes in the Ductus Arteriosus and Uterus of Rabbits.

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