Human papilloma virus and breast cancer: the role of inflammation and viral expressed proteins

Khodabandehlou, Niloofar; Mostafaei, Shayan; Etemadi, Ashkan; Ghasemi, Amir; Payandeh, Mehrdad; Hadifar, Shima; Norooznezhad, Amir Hossein; Kazemnejad, Anoshirvan; Moghoofei, Mohsen

doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5286-0

Cited by 111 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the family of Papillomaviridae having various hosts in both humans and animals. 105,106 More than 200 types of HPV have been identified, and HPV infections are generally classified as high-risk or low-risk HPV. Twenty high-risk types (e.g., 18,26,31,33,39,45,etc.…”

Section: Mir-146a In Papillomavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of miR‐146a in viral infection

et al. 2019

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Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified as a key player in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular‐genes regulatory pathways. They also emerged as a significant regulator of the immune response. In particular, miR‐146a acts as an importance modulator of function and differentiation cells of the innate and adaptive immunity. It has been associated with disorder including cancer and viral infections. Given its significance in the regulation of key cellular processes, it is not surprising which virus infection have found ways to dysregulation of miRNAs. miR‐146a has been identified in exosomes (exosomal miR‐146a). After the exosomes release from donor cells, they are taken up by the recipient cell and probably the exosomal miR‐146a is able to modulate the antiviral response in the recipient cell and result in making them more susceptible to virus infection. In this review, we discuss recent reports regarding miR‐146a expression levels, target genes, function, and contributing role in the pathogenesis of the viral infection and provide a clue to develop the new therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral disease in the future.

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Section: Mir-146a In Papillomavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of miR‐146a in viral infection

et al. 2019

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“…After the elimination of the triggering stimulus and the resolution of the injury, inflammation should be disabled in a programmed manner. However, if the stimulus is persistent, the acute inflammation becomes chronic in nature, and evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is strongly associated with cancer . About 20% of human cancers are associated with chronic inflammation caused by infectious agents, autoimmune diseases and long‐term exposure to irritants and other noxious agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if the stimulus is persistent, the acute inflammation becomes chronic in nature, and evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is strongly associated with cancer. 10,13,14 About 20% of human cancers are associated with chronic inflammation caused by infectious agents, autoimmune diseases and long-term exposure to irritants and other noxious agents. Common causes of persistent inflammation that lead to cancer development, include infection with hepatitis C or B viruses that lead to hepatocellular carcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease that leads to colorectal cancer and infection with Helicobacter pylori that leads to gastric cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic role of exosomes and microRNAs in HPV‐mediated inflammation and cervical cancer: A review

Nahand

Moghoofei

Salmaninejad

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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190

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Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women. The most important risk factor for the development of CC is cervical infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). Inflammation is a protective strategy that is triggered by the host against pathogens such as viral infections that acts rapidly to activate the innate immune response. Inflammation is beneficial if it is brief and well controlled; however, if the inflammation is excessive or it becomes of chronic duration, it can produce detrimental effects. HPV proteins are involved, both directly and indirectly, in the development of chronic inflammation, which is a causal factor in the development of CC. However, other factors may also have a potential role in stimulating chronic inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (a class of noncoding RNAs) are strong regulators of gene expression. They have emerged as key players in several biological processes, including inflammatory pathways. Abnormal expression of miRNAs may be linked to the induction of inflammation that occurs in CC. Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles shed by almost all types of cells, which can function as cargo transfer vehicles. Exosomes contain proteins and genetic material (including miRNAs) derived from their parent cells and can potentially affect recipient cells. Exosomes have recently been recognized to be involved in inflammatory processes and can also affect the immune response. In this review, we discuss the role of HPV proteins, miRNAs and exosomes in the inflammation associated with CC.

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“…It has long been hypothesized that hormone dependent oncogenic viruses, such as HPV may have causal roles in some cancers [38]. Expression of and high risk HPV DNA in BC [39] and HPV proteins in cervical cancer [40] was recently reported. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of high-risk HPV in the tissues of 20% of breast cancer specimens.…”

Section: Cd8+ T Lymphocytes and Cd4+ T Helper Cells May Promote Tumormentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells and human papilloma virus infection in Egyptian Women with breast cancer

Tawfeik

Mora

Osman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Several subsets of regulatory CD4+ T cells (CD4+ Tregs) have been described in peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment and blood of breast cancer (BC) patients and may play a key role in the progression of BC. High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) have a causal role in a significant proportion of cervical, and head, and neck tumors and may play an important role in evoking neoplasia in BC. In this study we assessed the prevalence of CD4+Tregs (CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ cells) and CD3+ CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from a total of 55 Egyptian women, including 20 treatment-naïve BC, 15 with breast benign lesions (BBL) and 20 healthy volunteers (HV). High-risk HPV genotype type 16, 18, and 31 was investigated in breast tissue from all BC and BBL patients using Real-Time PCR. HPV was detected in 4 BC, but in none of BBL patients. The frequency of CD4+ Tregs was significantly higher in BC compared to BBL and HV, (p < 0.001). In addition, we observed a significantly higher frequency of CD3+ CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with late stage III compared to early stage I and II BC (p = 0.011). However, there was no significant association between the ratio of CD8+ T cell to CD4+ Tregs frequencies and the expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2). In conclusion, CD4+ Tregs may contribute to progression BC in Egyptian women with HPV infection. The potential role CD4+ Tregs as a prognostic or predictive parameter should be analyzed in a larger longitudinal study with sufficient follow-up time.

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Human papilloma virus and breast cancer: the role of inflammation and viral expressed proteins

Cited by 111 publications

References 62 publications

The role of miR‐146a in viral infection

The role of miR‐146a in viral infection

Pathogenic role of exosomes and microRNAs in HPV‐mediated inflammation and cervical cancer: A review

Association of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells and human papilloma virus infection in Egyptian Women with breast cancer

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