Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotype Distribution in Cervical Swab Samples in Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection agent worldwide and, with high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes, is the main factor for development of cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HPV and distribution of HR-HPV genotypes in cervical swab samples and compare them with demographic and clinical data.
 Methodology: Cervical swab samples of 2,285 women between the age of 17 and 76 were assessed between January 2018 and October 2020 in order to obtain the data of Turkey. Fifteen different HR-HPV genotypes were determined using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction test.
 Results: HPV was positive in 36.3% (829/2,285) of DNA samples. Prevalence of multiple HR-HPV infection was 40.7%. Of the women, 30.9% (256/829) were infected with HPV16, 14.6% (121/829) with HPV39, and 14.2% (118/829) with HPV51. The most frequently detected genotypes with HPV16 were HPV31, HPV39 and HPV52, respectively. In women with cervical dysplasia, HPV16, 31, and 39 were the most common, and in women with genital warts, HPV16, 59 and 66 were most common, respectively. The highest HR-HPV prevalence was detected in the 17-34 age group (44.1%) (p < 0.001).
 Conclusions: The prevalence of HR-HPV was 36.3% in this study. High prevalence (44.1%) especially in young women was consistent with findings in literature. The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16, 39 and 51, respectively. Determining the prevalence and genotypes of HR-HPV playing role in the etiology of cervical cancer will be guiding for measures on prevention of cervical cancer and research on preventive vaccines.

Molecular Detection of Human Papillomaviruses in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Sections from Different Anogenital Lesions in Duhok-Iraq

“…Amongst positive HPV genotypes, HPV16, whether pure or mixed with others, was the dominant high-risk genotype (13.3%). Although more or less similar findings have been reported in several local and international studies [ 26 , 31 , 33 ], lower rates have been described by others [ 19 , 34 ]. In Baghdad/ Iraq, HPV33 topped their list [ 34 ], while in Saudi Arabia, HPV68 was dominant, followed by HPV 18 and 16 [ 19 ].…”

Genotype Distribution and Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women in Samsun Province of Turkey

“…Some studies have been performed to evaluate the prevalence and genotype of HPV in Turkey, most of which are based on small samples. The prevalence of HR-HPV was reported to be 33.5%, 36.3%, 8.5%, 10.07%, 23.9%, and 2.79% in their studies, respectively (Aydogan et al, 2018, Alacam et al, 2021, Akcali et al, 2013, Bayram et al, 2015, Eroglu and Asgin 2020, Kulhan et al, 2017. In a study conducted on 2234 Turkish women, HPV positivity was found 38.05%, and the most common type was HPV 16 (Hancer et al, 2018).…”

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotype Distribution in Servical Swab Samples: Outcomes of a Three-Year Analysis

“…Ülkemizdeki HPV prevalansını ve genotip dağılımlarını sunan çalışmalar, farklı coğrafi bölgelerde ve zaman aralıklarındaki verileri içermektedir. Ülkemizde yapılan HPV tarama sonuçlarına ait bazı çalışmalar ise Tablo 2'de sunulmuştur (13,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) . Ancak, HPV analizinde ve genotiplendirmede kullanılan test metotlarındaki farklılıklar elde edilen verilerin analizini güçleştirmektedir.…”

“…Alaçam ve ark. (20) 2021 − İstanbul dâhil olan dört milyonun üzerindeki hastanın verilerini içermekte ve tüm onkojenik HR-HPV tipleri için prevalans %4.39 olarak bildirilmektedir. Ayrıca, Zare ve ark.…”