Human Parechovirus 3 and Neonatal Infections

Boivin, Guy; Abed, Yacine; Boucher, François D.

doi:10.3201/eid1101.040606

Cited by 183 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several diagnostic laboratories now screen for HPeV infection and together with the retrospective analysis of archived material, a growing number of HPeV associations with disease have been reported recently (Baumgarte et al, 2008;Benschop et al, 2006aBenschop et al, , 2008bBoivin et al, 2005;De Souza Luna et al, 2008;De Vries et al, 2007;Drexler et al, 2009;Harvala et al, 2008Harvala et al, , 2009Li et al, 2009;Tauriainen et al, 2008;Wakatsuki et al, 2008;Wolthers et al, 2008). A greater understanding of the biology and molecular biology of these viruses is therefore required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and conservation in human parechovirus genomes

Williams

Panayiotou

Girling

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are frequent pathogens with a seroprevalance of over 90 % in adults. Recent studies on these viruses have increased the number of HPeV types to eight. Here we analyse the complete genome of one clinical isolate, PicoBank/HPeV1/a, and VP1 and 3D protein sequences of PicoBank/HPeV6/a, isolated from the same individual 13 months later. PicoBank/HPeV1/a is closely related to other recent HPeV1 isolates but is distinct from the HPeV1 Harris prototype isolated 50 years ago. The availability of an increasing number of HPeV sequences has allowed a detailed analysis of these viruses. The results add weight to the observations that recombination plays a role in the generation of HPeV diversity. An important finding is the presence of unexpected conservation of codons utilized in part of the 3D-encoding region, some of which can be explained by the presence of a phylogenetically conserved predicted secondary structure domain. This suggests that in addition to the cis-acting replication element, RNA secondary structure domains in coding regions play a key role in picornavirus replication. INTRODUCTIONPicornaviruses are non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses with icosahedral capsids, composed of 60 copies of three or four virus-encoded proteins (VP1-4 or VP0, VP1 and VP3) (Stanway et al., 2002(Stanway et al., , 2005. They have a genome of around 7000-8000 nt encoding one polyprotein which is cleaved by virus proteases to give the structural and non-structural (2A-C and 3A-D) proteins. Picornaviruses consist of economically and socially very important human and animal viruses such as polioviruses, other enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, hepatitis A virus, footand-mouth disease virus and parechoviruses. Currently, parechoviruses consist of two species: human parechovirus (HPeV) and Ljungan virus (LV) (Johansson et al., 2002;Joki-Korpela & Hyypiä, 2001;Stanway & Hyypiä, 1999;Stanway et al., 2000). HPeVs are frequent infectious agents and although they usually cause mild gastroenteritis and respiratory disease in young children, more serious cases, such as flaccid paralysis, encephalitis and myocarditis, have also been reported, particularly associated with HPeV3 infection (Baumgarte et al., 2008;Benschop et al., 2006a Benschop et al., , 2008bEhrnst & Eriksson, 1993;Figueroa et al., 1989;Harvala et al., 2008Harvala et al., , 2009Joki-Korpela & Hyypiä, 2001). Recently, HPeV1 has also been linked to otitis media (Tauriainen et al., 2008). With the isolation of several HPeV types in recent studies AlSunaidi et al., 2007;Baumgarte et al., 2008;Benschop et al., 2006b; Drexler et al., 2009;Ito et al., 2004;Li et al., 2009), eight types (1-8) of HPeVs are currently known.HPeVs have several distinctive features compared with other picornaviruses (Ghazi et al., 1998;Hyypiä et al., 1992;Stanway et al., 1994Stanway et al., , 2000. Post-translational cleavage of the polyprotein results in only three structural proteins (VP0, VP3 and VP1), as the cleavage of VP0 to VP4 and VP2 seen in other picornaviruses does n...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and conservation in human parechovirus genomes

Williams

Panayiotou

Girling

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…HPeV types 1 and 2 had been known as echoviruses 22 and 23 within the genus Enterovirus but were recognized in the early 1990s as an independent genus (2). Recognition of clinical relevance is increasing after 4 novel types were more recently described (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Human Parechovirus from Brazil

Drexler¹,

Grywna²,

Stöcker³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

103

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“…HPeV infections occur commonly in the general population and mostly cause mild gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms in young children (7). More severe consequences also have been ascribed to HPeV infections, including acute fl accid paralysis (AFP) (3), encephalitis (8), aseptic meningitis (9), myocarditis (10), neonatal sepsis (11), and Reye syndrome (6), Nonpolio AFP may be caused by many viruses, including nonpolio enteroviruses, human adenoviruses, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and West Nile virus (12). HPeV1 was associated with an AFP outbreak in Jamaica in 1986.…”

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confidence: 99%