Human perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction as a cause of vascular disease: Focus on vascular tone and wall remodeling

Özen, Gülsev; Daci, Armond; Norel, Xavier; Topal, Gökçe

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.012

Cited by 60 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…In healthy adults the secretory profile of PVAT is essential in the regulation and maintenance of vascular tone, remodelling and endothelial function [39]. Under pathophysiological conditions such as obesity PVAT becomes dysfunctional and compared to subcutaneous and other visceral depots expresses a higher inflammatory profile [40], releasing angiogenic factors [41] and inducing the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells [42] leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis [39].…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of the Cardiac And Vascular Adipose Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under pathophysiological conditions such as obesity PVAT becomes dysfunctional and compared to subcutaneous and other visceral depots expresses a higher inflammatory profile [40], releasing angiogenic factors [41] and inducing the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells [42] leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis [39]. Similar to both paracardial and EAT, PVAT is phenotypically brown though their appearance depends on anatomical location such that PVAT surrounding the thoracic aorta exhibits brown characteristics and PVAT surrounding the abdominal aorta is a mixture of brown and white [43], [44], [45].…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of the Cardiac And Vascular Adipose Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Browning’ the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk

Aldiss

Davies

Woods

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiology

121

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Excess visceral adiposity, in particular that located adjacent to the heart and coronary arteries is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In the pathophysiological state, dysfunctional adipose tissue secretes an array of factors modulating vascular function and driving atherogenesis. Conversely, brown and beige adipose tissues utilise glucose and lipids to generate heat and are associated with improved cardiometabolic health. The cardiac and thoracic perivascular adipose tissues are now understood to be composed of brown adipose tissue in the healthy state and undergo a brown-to-white transition i.e. during obesity which may be a driving factor of cardiovascular disease. In this review we discuss the risks of excess cardiac and vascular adiposity and potential mechanisms by which restoring the brown phenotype i.e. “re-browning” could potentially be achieved in clinically relevant populations.

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Section: Physiological Roles Of the Cardiac And Vascular Adipose Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Roles Of the Cardiac And Vascular Adipose Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Browning’ the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk

Aldiss

Davies

Woods

et al. 2017

International Journal of Cardiology

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, in physiological conditions, the PVAT can also have a vasorelaxant effect with a protective role40. This effect could have been responsible for our finding of an increased brachial artery baseline diameter in our overweight individuals it which PVAT was not yet dysfunctional enough to exert detrimental effects on the macrovascular function41. Nevertheless, the macro- and microvascular beds’ functions are governed by different physiological mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Overweight status is associated with extensive signs of microvascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk

Patel

Bellary

Karimzad

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The aim of this present study was to investigate if overweight individuals exhibit signs of vascular dysfunction associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). One hundred lean and 100 overweight participants were recruited for the present study. Retinal microvascular function was assessed using the Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analyser (DVA), and systemic macrovascular function by means of flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Investigations also included body composition, carotid intimal-media thickness (c-IMT), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (BP), fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol levels (HDL-C and LDL-C), and plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF). Overweight individuals presented with higher right and left c-IMT (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively), average 24-h BP values (all p < 0.001), plasma glucose (p = 0.008), TG (p = 0.003), TG: HDL-C ratio (p = 0.010), and vWF levels (p = 0.004). Moreover, overweight individuals showed lower retinal arterial microvascular dilation (p = 0.039) and baseline-corrected flicker (bFR) responses (p = 0.022), as well as, prolonged dilation reaction time (RT, p = 0.047). These observations emphasise the importance of vascular screening and consideration of preventive interventions to decrease vascular risk in all individuals with adiposity above normal range.

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“…По другой гипотезе, сниже-ние чувствительности к лептину связано с поломкой в работе специфического транспортного протеина, поскольку гормон циркулирует в связанном состоя-нии. Третьей причиной может являться снижение чувствительности гипоталамических рецепторов к лептину, нарушения его взаимодействия с ними [19]. Избыток лептина и особенно резистентность к лептину у пациентов ОАС способны вызывать на-рушения углеводного и липидного обмена, а также множество потенциально атерогенных эффектов: индукцию эндотелиальной дисфункции, наруше-ние агрегации тромбоцитов, миграции, гипертро-фии и пролиферации клеток сосудистых гладких мышц [20].…”

Section: оас и ожирениеunclassified

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Impairment in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Горбунова¹,

Бабак²,

Малявин³

2018

Arhivʺ vnutr. med.

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РезюмеС момента, когда впервые была выявлена обструктивная природа апноэ сна, в многолетних исследованиях получено немало новой инфор-мации об этом заболевании. Именно обструктивное апноэ сна (ОАС) признается независимым предиктором развития нарушения толерант-ности к глюкозе (инсулин резистентность (ИР), гипергликемия натощак), сахарного диабета 2 типа (CД2), резистентной артериальной ги-пертензии, преждевременной сердечно-сосудистой смерти. Проблема выявления и лечения пациентов с ОАС не теряет своей актуальности.В реальной клинической практике существует необходимость комплексного подхода к диагностике и терапии коморбидных больных ОАС с метаболическими расстройствами и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Целью настоящего обзора является оценка клинико-патоге-нетических особенностей метаболических нарушений, углеводного обмена, основного обмена, пищевого поведения, колебания веса тела у пациентов с синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна. Методы. В нашей работе мы использовали ретроспективный анализ опубликованных данных клинических исследований отечественных и зарубежных авторов за последние 20 лет. В обзор включались исследования, имею-щие адекватный дизайн с позиций «добросовестной клинической практики» (GCP) и доказательной медицины. Заключение. Согласно со-временной трактовке обструктивное апноэ сна рассматривается как самостоятельное заболевание, имеющее свои патогенетические ме-ханизмы, клинические и функциональные проявления. Выделяют несколько основных причин влияния ОАС на метаболический компонент и работу сердечно-сосудистой системы. Среди них лидируют интермиттирующая гипоксемия, эндотелиальная дисфункция, колебания внутригрудного давления, повышение активности симпатической нервной системы, нарушение структуры сна. ОАС рассматривается как болезнь, способная инвалидизировать пациентов трудоспособного возраста, резко менять качество жизни, приводить к ранней смертности по причине сердечно-сосудистых катастроф. Своевременное выявление клинических симптомов ОАС и стратегия раннего назначения СРАР-терапии существенно улучшают качество лечения и прогноз коморбидных больных. Ключевые слова: обструктивное апноэ сна, углеводный обмен, основной обмен, пищевое поведение, ожирение AbstractSince the moment when the obstructive nature of sleep apnea was first revealed, many new in-formation on this disease have been obtained. Now obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) recognized as an independent predictor of the development of impaired glucose tolerance (insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycaemia), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), resistant arterial hypertension, cardio-vascular death. The problem of identifying and treating patients with OSA is still actual. In real clinical practice, there is a need for an integrated approach to the diagnosis and therapy of comorbid OSA patients with metabolic impairment and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to assess the clinical and pathogenesis features of metabolic impaired, carbohydrate metabolism, basic metabolism, eating behavior, body weight fluctuations in patie...

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Human perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction as a cause of vascular disease: Focus on vascular tone and wall remodeling

Cited by 60 publications

References 127 publications

‘Browning’ the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk

‘Browning’ the cardiac and peri-vascular adipose tissues to modulate cardiovascular risk

Overweight status is associated with extensive signs of microvascular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Impairment in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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