Human placental explants in culture: Approaches and assessments

Miller, Richard K.; Genbačev, Olga; Turner, Mark A.; Aplin, John D.; Caniggia, Isabella; Huppertz, Berthold

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.10.002

Cited by 230 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In accordance with Miller et al, 52 the tracking of morphologic features is one of the most important tests for assessing viability in vitro. Therefore, the possibility that MIF nonregulation in trophoblast cells in thirdtrimester placental explants relative to nonviable explants can be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effect of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Human Placental Explants Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Depends on Gestational Age

Gomes¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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Because macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key cytokine in pregnancy and has a role in inflammatory response and pathogen defense, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of MIF in first-and third-trimester human placental explants infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Explants were treated with recombinant MIF, IL-12, interferon-␥, transforming growth factor-␤1, or IL-10, followed by infection with T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites. Supernatants of cultured explants were assessed for MIF production. Explants were processed for morphologic analysis, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR analysis. Comparison of infected and stimulated explants versus noninfected control explants demonstrated a significant increase in MIF release in first-trimester but not third-trimester explants. Tissue parasitism was higher in third-than in first-trimester explants. Moreover, T. gondii DNA content was lower in first-trimester explants treated with MIF compared with untreated explants. However, in third-trimester explants, MIF stimulus decreased T. gondii DNA content only at the highest concentration of the cytokine. In addition, high expression of MIF receptor was observed in first-trimester placental explants, whereas MIF receptor expression was low in third-trimester explants. In conclusion, MIF was up-regulated and demonstrated to be important for control of T. gondii infection in first-trimester explants, whereas lack of MIF up-regulation in third-trimester placentas may be involved in higher susceptibility to infection at this gestational age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effect of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Human Placental Explants Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Depends on Gestational Age

Gomes¹,

Silva²,

Silva³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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“…39,40 As a note of caution, the effects of TNF-α stimulation may differ between primary trophoblasts and placental explants, where cells remain in their natural microenvironment and preparatory stress is reduced to a minimum. 41,42 Moreover, TNF-α stimulation may have different effects in vitro compared with local effects of the cytokine in vivo, in particular at low doses. 43 This speculation is based, eg, on angiogenesis studies showing predominantly anti-angiogeneic effects of TNF-α on in vitro-cultured endothelial cells, but pro-angiogeneic activities in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNF-α alters the inflammatory secretion profile of human first trimester placenta

Siwetz

Blaschitz

El‐Heliebi

et al. 2016

Laboratory Investigation

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Implantation and subsequent placental development depend on a well-orchestrated interaction between fetal and maternal tissues, involving a fine balanced synergistic cross-talk of inflammatory and immune-modulating factors. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α has been increasingly recognized as pivotal factor for successful pregnancy, although high maternal TNF-α levels are associated with a number of adverse pregnancy conditions including gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus. This study describes effects of exogenously applied TNF-α, mimicking increased maternal TNF-α levels, on the secretion profile of inflammation associated factors in human first trimester villous placenta. Conditioned culture media from first trimester villous placental explants were analyzed by inflammation antibody arrays and ELISA after 48 h culture in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Inflammation antibody arrays identified interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as the most abundantly secreted inflammation-associated factors under basal culture conditions. In the presence of TNF-α, secretion of GM-CSF, CCL5, and IL-10 increased, whereas IL-4 and macrophage CSF levels decreased compared with controls. ELISA analysis verified antibody arrays by showing significantly increased synthesis and release of GM-CSF and CCL5 by placental explants in response to TNF-α. Immunohistochemistry localized GM-CSF in the villous trophoblast compartment, whereas CCL5 was detected in maternal platelets adhering to perivillous fibrin deposits on the villous surface. mRNA-based in situ padlock probe approach localized GM-CSF and CCL5 transcripts in the villous trophoblast layer and the villous stroma. Results from this study suggest that the inflammatory secretion profile of human first trimester placenta shifts towards increased levels of GM-CSF, CCL5, and IL10 in response to elevated maternal TNF-α levels, whereas IL-6 and IL-8 remain unaffected. This shift may represent a protective mechanism by human first trimester villous placenta to sustain trophoblast function and dampen inflammatory processes in the intervillous space. Implantation and subsequent placenta development are mandatory steps for successful human pregnancy and depend on a well-orchestrated interaction between fetal and maternal tissues. Fetal-maternal interaction involves a fine balanced synergistic cross-talk of inflammaory and immune-modulating factors to allow maternal immune adaption and tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus at the one hand, whereas maternal immune functions need to be maintained to fight off infections on the other hand. Various concepts and paradigms have been suggested trying to explain how the maternal immune system is modulated to guarantee a viable pregnancy. One of the proposed paradigms is based on studies by Wegmann et al, 1 describing a shift from an inflammatory T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokine profile to a rather anti-inflammatory T-helper 2 (Th2) profile. ...

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“…Recently, Miller et al 2005 reviewed studies using placental explants [60], this research methodology has demonstrated improvement; providing additional tools for investigation of placental transport, metabolism, enzyme and endocrine function, and cellular proliferation and differentiation. Human placental explants have a lifetime of ~2 weeks, but users should carefully monitor explant integrity [60].…”

Section: Human Placental Explantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human placental explants have a lifetime of ~2 weeks, but users should carefully monitor explant integrity [60]. The culture of villous explants provides a model in which tissue structure is partially maintained.…”

Section: Human Placental Explantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Pregnancy and Postpartum

Malek¹

2012

Pharm Anal Acta

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Human placental explants in culture: Approaches and assessments

Cited by 230 publications

References 56 publications

Effect of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Human Placental Explants Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Depends on Gestational Age

Effect of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Human Placental Explants Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Depends on Gestational Age

TNF-α alters the inflammatory secretion profile of human first trimester placenta

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Human Pregnancy and Postpartum

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