Human platelet lysate – A potent (and overlooked) orthobiologic

Abstract

The knowledge of the essential role of platelets in tissue healing is gradually increasing and as regenerative medicine prompts new solutions, platelet-derived bioproducts have been proposed as a potential tool in this field. In orthopaedics and sports medicine, the use of PRP has been rapidly increasing in popularity as patients seek novel non-surgical approaches to acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions. The concept of having platelets as a secretory organ other than a mere sponge-like coagulation component opens up new frontiers for the use of the platelet secretome. Platelet lysate is a solution saturated by growth factors, proteins, cytokines, and chemokines involved in crucial healing processes and is administered to treat different diseases such as alopecia, oral mucositis, radicular pain, osteoarthritis, and cartilage and tendon disorders. For this purpose, the abundant presence of growth factors and chemokines stored in platelet granules can be naturally released by different strategies, mostly through lyophilization, thrombin activation or ultrasound baths (ultrasonication). As a result, human platelet lysate can be produced and applied as a pure orthobiologic. This review outlines the current knowledge about human platelet lysate as a powerful adjuvant in the orthobiological use for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries, without however failing to raise some of its most applicable basic science.

Self‐Assembly of Platelet Lysates Proteins into Microparticles by Unnatural Disulfide Bonds for Bottom‐Up Tissue Engineering

“…In comparison to animal-derived proteins, human-derived proteins may have a lower risk of immunological response and rejection as they are found in the human body. [28] In the specific case of PL proteins, they hold immunomodulatory factors that can actively inhibit immune responses, thereby reducing the risk of immunogenicity. [29] Furthermore, with the current donor screening and testing strategies used in licensed blood centers, there is low risk of contamination with human-bloodborne pathogens, making allogeneic pooled platelets a valuable option.…”

Platelet Rich Plasma and Platelet-Related Products in the Treatment of Radiculopathy—A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…Although PL does not contain any platelet membranes, the presence of some of the membrane proteins may likely still affect platelet behavior in vivo. It has been observed anecdotally that PL can form aggregates in vitro and may require further filtering [ 48 ]. Further, one study reports higher risk of clotting with PL versus PRP if no fibrinogen depletion is performed [ 49 ].…”

Cellular therapeutics and immunotherapies in wound healing – on the pulse of time?

“…PL is generated by freezing/thawing platelets, allowing them to lyse and release their intracellular contents. da Fonseca et al [ 88 ] extensively reviewed the use of PL in different diseases, recommending its use in clinical practice. Additionally, Barsotti et al [ 89 ] broadly characterized the effect of platelet concentrates across several cell types in the wound bed by adding variable PL concentrations.…”