Human psychophysical studies of saltiness suppression by amiloride

McCutcheon, N. Bruce

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(92)90094-i

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, amiloride affects the lingual surface potential and influences salt perception in a subset of subjects (Anand and Zuniga 1997;McCutcheon 1992;Ossebaard and Smith 1995;Smith and Ossebaard 1995;Tennissen 1992;Tennissen and McCutcheon 1996). In sensitive subjects, amiloride reduces the ability of individuals to differentiate sodium concentrations (Anand and Zuniga 1997;McCutcheon 1992;Schiffman et al 1983;Smith and Ossebaard 1995;Tennissen 1992;Tennissen and McCutcheon 1996) and alters the quality of salt taste, including the ability to distinguish sodium (and lithium) salts from potassium and ammonium salts (Ossebaard andSmith 1995, 1996;Ossebaard et al 1997). At a concentration of 10 M, amiloride exerts a near full effect on the amiloride sensitive component of the lingual surface potential (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4) and on the perception of salt (Smith and Ossebaard 1995). However, amiloride does not affect the larger portion of the salt-evoked lingual surface potential just as it fails to fully block salt perception (Anand and Zuniga 1997;McCutcheon 1992;Schiffman et al 1983;Smith and Ossebaard 1995;Tennissen 1992;Tennissen and McCutcheon 1996). Thus in combination with the psychophysical data, our observations indicate that a significant portion of the sodium conductive pathways contributing to the lingual surface potential are present in taste receptor cells and play a role in the perception of saltiness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As suggested from psychophysical methods, human salt taste perception is determined by the chemical composition (NaCl being the saltiest) and the concentration of the salt, and it is decreased by amiloride, a specific inhibitor of the epithelial Na-channel (ENaC) (McCutcheon 1992;Schiffman et al 1983;Tennissen 1992). So far, electrophysiological aspects of salt taste reception have been investigated only in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Salt-Evoked Lingual Surface Potential in Humans

Feldman

Mogyorósi

Heck

et al. 2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Salt sensing in animals involves the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). If ENaC were involved in human salt sensing, then the lingual surface potential (LSP) would hyperpolarize when exposed to sodium. We developed a chamber to measure the LSP while different solutions superfused the surface of the tongue and a technique to adjust for the junction potentials induced by varying salt concentrations. Changing the superfusion solution from rinse solution (30 mM KCl) to 300 mM NaCl (ϩ30 mM KCl) caused the LSP to hyperpolarize by 10.1 Ϯ 0.7 mV (n ϭ 13, P Ͻ 0.001). With repeated challenge the LSP response was reproducible. Increasing the Na concentration from 100 to 600 mM increased hyperpolarization by 35 Ϯ 4.8% (n ϭ 9, P Ͻ 0.001). To examine whether amiloride affects the LSP, 0.1 mM amiloride was added to 300 mM NaCl; it reduced the hyperpolarization by 18.5 Ϯ 4.3% (P Ͻ 0.005, n ϭ 11). However, the amiloride effect was not uniform: in six volunteers, amiloride inhibited the LSP by as much as 42%, while in five subjects, amiloride inhibited Ͻ5% of the LSP. In an amiloride sensitive volunteer, amiloride exerted 50% of its effect at 1 M. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the LSP can be measured in humans, that Na hyperpolarizes the LSP, that increasing the Na concentration increases LSP hyperpolarization, and that amiloride inhibits the Na evoked LSP in some humans. While ENaC is involved in sensing salt, its role appears to vary among individuals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Salt-Evoked Lingual Surface Potential in Humans

Feldman

Mogyorósi

Heck

et al. 2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The order of stimulus presentation was randomized. Citric acid, KCl and sodium gluconate were included as specificity controls, since amiloride does not reduce suprathreshold sensitivity to the first two [27,28] and a greater differential response was anticipated to sodium gluconate [29].…”

Section: Sensory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amiloride suppression of salt taste was evaluated using a modification of the methods of Schiffman et al [26] and McCutcheon [27]. Filter paper (2n3 cm diam.)…”

Section: Sensory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-sensitivity classification in normotensive adults

MATTES¹,

FALKNER²

1999

Clinical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this study were to assess the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of salt-sensitivity classification in normotensive adults and to determine the predictive power of four clinical indices for salt-sensitivity. A total of 66 healthy, normotensive, free-living adults were administered 11-day salt-sensitivity diagnostic dietary salt challenges on two occasions to permit assessment of classification test-retest reliability. An oral glucose tolerance test, an acute saline loading test, gustatory testing and determination of salivary flow and sodium concentration were carried out to assess (by correlation analysis) their predictive power for salt-sensitivity. Following these procedures, 21 participants followed a reduced-sodium diet for 4 months, during which blood pressure was monitored monthly to allow evaluation of salt-sensitivity classification sensitivity and specificity. Regression was used to develop a predictive model for salt-sensitivity. Salt-sensitivity classification was not highly reliable (kappa-value=0.38), sensitive (0.73) or specific (0.60). No single index was highly predictive of classification status, but a model composed of five indices accounted for 92% of the variance in blood pressure response to acute salt challenge. The dietary salt challenge procedure used here for salt-sensitivity classification of normotensive adults had low test-retest reliability. While a battery of easily measured attributes may facilitate rapid salt-sensitivity classification, such a diagnosis provides only limited insight regarding blood pressure responsiveness to chronic dietary salt restriction in normotensive adults.

show abstract

Human gustation and flavour

Breslin

2001

Flavour & Fragrance J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taste is an essential component of flavour. Although taste carries fewer distinctive qualities than odour, it provides an essential base on which aroma builds to generate the widely varying flavour of our foods and beverages. The present review covers a wide range of perceptual/psychophysical topics on taste. The first section reviews the taste research questions of early last century; the second section addresses the psychophysical taste research topics of the last few decades; and in the third section, the question is raised whether the old research topics of 80-100 years ago, which have largely not been answered, are worth reconsidering and pursuing.

show abstract

Human psychophysical studies of saltiness suppression by amiloride

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Salt-Evoked Lingual Surface Potential in Humans

Salt-Evoked Lingual Surface Potential in Humans

Salt-sensitivity classification in normotensive adults

Human gustation and flavour

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About