Human red cells under hypertonic conditions; A model system for investigating freezing damage

Farrant, J.; Woolgar, A.E.

doi:10.1016/0011-2240(72)90004-1

Cited by 51 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[48][49][50][51] For instance, hypertonic solutions prepared with sodium chloride and sucrose both induce membrane damage at the same osmolality, whereas exposure to hypertonic solution containing DMSO (which is a permeating solute) is not damaging. 49,50 The hypertonic solutions prepared with nonpermeating solutes cause shrinkage, whereas solutions prepared with DMSO do not; these results suggest that excessive cell shrinkage is what causes damage during exposure to hypertonic conditions. Further evidence for the damaging effects of cell shrinkage is provided by previous studies in which the amount of intracellular potassium was adjusted before exposing the cells to hypertonic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid removal of glycerol from frozen‐thawed red blood cells

Lusianti

Benson

Acker

et al. 2013

Biotechnology Progress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The storage of red blood cells (RBCs) in a refrigerated state allows a shelf life of a few weeks, whereas RBCs frozen in 40% glycerol have a shelf life of 10 years. Despite the clear logistical advantages of frozen blood, it is not widely used in transfusion medicine. One of the main reasons is that existing post-thaw washing methods to remove glycerol are prohibitively time consuming, requiring about an hour to remove glycerol from a single unit of blood. In this study, we have investigated the potential for more rapid removal of glycerol. Using published biophysical data for human RBCs, we mathematically optimized a three-step deglycerolization process, yielding a procedure that was less than 32 s long. This procedure was found to yield 70% hemolysis, a value that was much higher than expected. Consequently, we systematically evaluated three-step deglycerolization procedures, varying the solution composition and equilibration time in each step. Our best results consisted of less than 20% hemolysis for a deglycerolization time of 3 min, and it is expected that even further improvements could be made with a more thorough optimization and more reliable biophysical data. Our results demonstrate the potential for significantly reducing the deglycerolization time compared with existing methods. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:609-620, 2013.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid removal of glycerol from frozen‐thawed red blood cells

Lusianti

Benson

Acker

et al. 2013

Biotechnology Progress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In RBCs, inward diffusion of sodium and outward diffusion of potassium have been shown to begin at approximately 4¥ isotonic. 3 Although not necessarily lethal, a net increase in intracellular solute can severely limit the cell's tolerance to subsequent hypoosmotic or even isotonic resuspension.…”

Section: Osmotic Limits Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryopreservation of living cells: principles and practice

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasingly, the cryopreservation of living cells is being attempted by researchers whose primary interest and experience is with the medical applications of those cells or tissues and whose prior experience with cryobiology may be negligible. It is therefore generally necessary to imitate some regimen used by others, perhaps with some other cell type and attempt to optimize the recovery empirically. This article makes no attempt to provide specific protocols for the many individual cell types. Rather it is a primer that may help to give such investigators an insight into the basic principles of cell freezing, cryoprotectants, and, particularly, their addition and removal. Finally, the article summarizes the five different approaches to applied cryopreservation: ultrarapid freezing and thawing, controlled-rate freezing, freezing with nonpenetrating polymers, vitrification, and equilibrium freezing.

show abstract

“…Solute polarization. The enrichment of electrolytes is of particular importance with respect to osmotic damage of biological cells as described by Lovelock (1953) and Farrant & Woolgar (1972). Under equilibrium conditions, the increase of salt concentration with temperature is given by the liquidus curve of the respective phase diagram.…”

Section: Aqueous Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature light microscopy and its application to study freezing in aqueous solutions and biological cell suspensions

Körber

Englich

Schwindke

et al. 1986

Journal of Microscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The freezing of biological cell suspensions can be understood in terms of ice formation in the external suspension medium and the cellular reactions to the changing environment. Cryomicroscopy allows a quantitative analysis of both categories of phenomena. Besides freezing stages of appropriate thermal design, the components used for that purpose include a microcomputer (PSI 80) based control system, an image analysis system (Intellect 100) and a spectrophotometer (MPV compact). The investigation of extracellular ice formation is focused on the following effects: The redistribution of solutes in the residual liquid and the resulting concentration profiles are determined photometrically or densitometrically. The transitions between various morphologies of the ice–liquid phase boundary (planar–cellular–dendritic) can be related to interface instability theories. With respect to solute segregation, the studies also involve the formation of bubbles from supersaturated gaseous solutes and freezing potentials resulting from the differential incorporation of cations and anions into the solid phase. The interaction between particles or cells and the advancing ice front is determined from critical interface velocities marking the transition between repulsion and entrapment. The effects of freezing on biological cells are studied mainly with blood cells, especially lymphocytes. The water efflux due to osmotical gradients across the membrane yields volume shrinkage curves which are recorded and analysed from video images for various cooling rates. Beyond a certain threshold cooling rate, intracellular ice starts to form, and different crystallization morphologies can be detected. The intracellular crystallization temperatures depend on cooling and warming rates as well as on the presence of penetrating cryoadditives. A fluorescence viability is used to determine the percentage of damaged cells immediately after thawing.

show abstract

Human red cells under hypertonic conditions; A model system for investigating freezing damage

Cited by 51 publications

References 9 publications

Rapid removal of glycerol from frozen‐thawed red blood cells

Rapid removal of glycerol from frozen‐thawed red blood cells

Cryopreservation of living cells: principles and practice

Low temperature light microscopy and its application to study freezing in aqueous solutions and biological cell suspensions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About