Human resources in China: the birth quota, returns to schooling, and migration

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. An index to papers in the Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper Series is located at: http://www.econ.yale.edu/~egcenter/research.htm is also be traced to increasing returns to schooling , especially beyond secondary school. Government restrictions on rural-urban migration reduces national efficiency, adds to the urban-rural wage gap, and increases inequality. Terms of use: Documents in

How does rising housing price affect the health of middle-aged and elderly people? The complementary mediators of social status seeking and competitive saving motive

“…Specifically, intergenerational family relationships are an outstanding social phenomenon in China, reflect in the relationship between the previous generation and the next generation, and in the relationship between one or many generations [44,45]. The main reason is that saving is an important mean of Chinese financial security to support in the old age [46], and child is an effective substitute for life cycle saving [47]. In essence, Chinese intergenerational family relationships are an upbringing and supporting mode instead of the Western "relay mode" [48].…”

Education Financing of Rural Households in China

“…With the rapid economic development and upgrading of the economic structure and pattern, the Chinese government has emphasized universal primary and widespread secondary schooling, and more recently has expanded the emphasis on higher education (Schultz 2004). Education expenditures have become an important part of household living expenditures, from less than 5% in 1980 to nearly 10% in 2007(Table 4).…”

Demographic Determinants of Savings: Estimating and Interpreting the Aggregate Association in Asia

“…Tobin and Houthtakker (1950-51) demonstrate that rationing causes a larger cross-commodity shift in household demands toward substitutes in the HD model, but this would not be expected in the LC model that implicitly assumes children and savings are independent choices. Even though the birth quota may have stimulated savings, it also must have sacrificed the welfare of the poor rural population, who had their reproductive choices restricted without compensation (Schultz, 2004). Johnson (1999) has argued cogently that there is little empirical or theoretical evidence for the belief that reducing Chinese fertility and slowing population growth has fostered Chinese development, but it remains unclear whether it could have boosted personal savings.…”