Human Rights and Humanitarian Forensic Action: The Experience in Uruguay

Almada, Hugo Rodríguez; Duhalde, Frances Borches; Salaverría, Victoria Iglesias

doi:10.1080/20961790.2022.2052591

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Se trata de un aporte académico al conocimiento del pasado reciente y a la realización de estándares de derechos humanos, como verdad, justicia, memoria y reparación, por lo menos simbólica, de las víctimas directas y secundarias. Es también un ejemplo práctico de acción forense humanitaria, basado en su inserción en el sector público, no gubernamental, universitario, sin fines de lucro, ni de beneficios económicos para los investigadores, que caracteriza el modelo uruguayo en la materia (24) .…”

Section: Sexo Y Edad Causa Y Manera De Muerte Descripción De La Fallaunclassified

Estudio médico-forense de la muerte bajo custodia durante el terrorismo de Estado en Uruguay

2022

RMU

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Toda muerte bajo custodia es potencialmente ilícita por acción u omisión del Estado. Se presenta el reporte sistematizado desde la perspectiva forense de la muerte bajo custodia en la prisión política en Uruguay durante el terrorismo de Estado.Objetivos: a) conocer la magnitud del fenómeno; b) caracterizar a las víctimas; c) determinar causas, maneras y circunstancias de las muertes en los casos que aún no habían sido estudiados; d) sistematizar las causas, maneras y circunstancias de muerte en toda la población estudiada.Material y métodos: se empleó la nómina oficial de víctimas del período de terrorismo de Estado y se estudió la información pública y/o accesible para investigaciones académicas. Las muertes no estudiadas previamente fueron analizadas por una Junta Médica que dictaminó en base a la metodología de la autopsia histórica.Resultados: entre 27/06/1973 y 28/02/1985 murieron bajo custodia en Uruguay por motivos políticos 108 personas; 36 (33%) en un centro de detención clandestino o irregular, 34 (31%) en un establecimiento de detención regular, 19 (18%) continúan como detenidos desaparecidos y 19 (18%) murieron durante operativos de detención o represión. El 81% fueron hombres y la edad media fue 37 años. El 67% eran obreros o empleados y el 23% estudiantes. El 69% fueron muertes violentas y la tortura fue la causa principal de muerte. En nueve de las 32 muertes naturales se demostraron negligencias o fallas asistenciales con ostensible incidencia en el resultado letal.Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos confirman plenamente el principio general de que se trata de muertes potencialmente ilícitas y la consecuente necesidad de una investigación exhaustiva.

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Section: Sexo Y Edad Causa Y Manera De Muerte Descripción De La Fallaunclassified

Estudio médico-forense de la muerte bajo custodia durante el terrorismo de Estado en Uruguay

2022

RMU

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“…Forensic anthropology, fingerprint analysis, forensic odontology (FO), radiography, and DNA profiling are many methodologies that may be used in such circumstances with the aim of facilitating victim identification. (Rodríguez Almada et al, 2022) The outstanding accuracy of dental identification as a key tool for determining the identity of a dead person is highlighted by the preservation of teeth and dental traits postmortem (PM). This method, which makes use of the tenacity of dental structures to continue after a person's death, stands out as one of the most dependable and accurate processes now accessible in the field of forensic research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaboration between forensic odontology and forensic pathology is crucial in Disaster Victim Identification

Salman Khan,

Suhartono,

Auerkari

2024

Eduvest

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While forensic pathologists have always played a pivotal role in victim identification after mass casualties, new developments in forensic methods have given forensic anthropologists more agency in positively identifying individuals who were previously unidentifiable.This review aims to contribute to the refinement of diagnostic tools, ensure optimal utilization of remnants and information available, and emphasize the contributions of forensic pathologists and forensic odontologist to victim identification and the importance of forensic pathologists and forensic odontologist in the criminal justice system. Considering the Interpol DVI Guide's emphasis on fingerprints, dental examinations, and DNA as primary identifiers, the forensic pathologist's role as the leader of a multidisciplinary team of experts in a disaster situation has taken on new significance. This is due to the forensic pathologist's and forensic odontologist training and experience leading similar teams during routine operations at a forensics institute. This thorough examination highlights the utmost significance of the job carried out by forensic pathologists and forensic odontologist. They play an important role in the judicial process by providing expert views in criminal investigations. Their expertise ensures accurate identification of victims and provides critical evidence that is necessary for holding offenders responsible. Their contributions are fundamental to the administration of justice, highlighting the great importance of their function in the overall structure of the criminal judicial system.

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“…Several articles in this issue touch on potential contradictions or compatibility of different objectives that can be accomplished with forensic science [ 9 , 10 ]. Something that a broader perspective helps us realize is that there are contextual factors that govern the use of what forensic science can help us know.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We believe that this illustrates the global resonance and recognition of the importance of forensic science being adopted by the humanitarian sector. Also impressive is that despite this breadth, geographic, and cultural variation, all articles demonstrate methods or models that promote the dignification of victims and their families: be it innovative techniques in constrained circumstances and with open-source software [ 18 ], active family and community engagement [ 3 , 9 , 11 ], advocating models that better demonstrate stakeholder carec, or calling for greater international collaboration on common problems [ 10 , 19 , 20 ]. We believe that forensic scientists do what they do because they love science.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the Application of Forensic Science in an Era of Standardization

Congram

2022

Forensic Sciences Research

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Human Rights and Humanitarian Forensic Action: The Experience in Uruguay

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Estudio médico-forense de la muerte bajo custodia durante el terrorismo de Estado en Uruguay

Estudio médico-forense de la muerte bajo custodia durante el terrorismo de Estado en Uruguay

Collaboration between forensic odontology and forensic pathology is crucial in Disaster Victim Identification

Broadening the Application of Forensic Science in an Era of Standardization

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