Human spinal cord potentials evoked by different sources of stimulation and conduction velocities along the cord.

Maruyama, Y; Shimoji, Koki; Shimizu, Hiroyuki; Kuribayashi, Hideki; Fujioka, Hitoshi

doi:10.1152/jn.1982.48.5.1098

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The maximum conduction velocity was 65-85 m/s, which is close to the values obtained by Maruyama et al [23], and by Cracco et al [4]. Desmet and Cheron [5] reported a slower conduction velocity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Epidural Recordings of Electrical Events Produced in the Spinal Cord by Segmental, Ascending and Descending Volleys

Cioni¹,

Meglio²

1986

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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Epidural electrodes implanted for a percutaneous trial of therapeutic spinal cord stimulation were used to record electrical events evoked by the stimulation of peripheral nerves or of the spinal cord itself. The data collected in patients with no neurological deficit were analyzed in order (1) to check the consistency between epidural and surface recordings, (2) to get information on the genesis of such potentials, and (3) to demonstrate the feasibility of complex neurophysiological studies by means of epidural electrodes. Spinal cord potentials evoked by segmental volleys were recorded at cervical levels with the recording electrodes anterior, lateral and posterior to the spinal cord. The refractory period of the evoked potentials has been studied as well. Responses to stimulation of the tibial nerve were obtained at T_11–12 vertebral level with posterior epidural electrodes. Segmental cervical potentials were characterized by a P10, N11, N13/P13 followed by a slow positivity/negativity. A response of similar waveform, but with different peak latencies, was recorded at segmental levels following tibial nerve stimulation. Such a response showed an increasing number of spikes while ascending along the spinal cord. Maximum conduction velocities in the cord were between 65 and 85 m/s. Our epidural recordings are similar to those obtained from the skin, but with a greater amplitude and waveform resolution. Furthermore, the use of epidural electrodes made it feasible to perform complex examinations of sensory function (i.e., the study of orthodromic and antidromic conduction along the dorsal cord and of the influence of a single dorsal cord volley on the segmental cervical potential). Finally, the genesis of the potentials recorded is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Epidural Recordings of Electrical Events Produced in the Spinal Cord by Segmental, Ascending and Descending Volleys

Cioni¹,

Meglio²

1986

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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“…Therefore, dorsal column fibers along with their collaterals could have been excited only when stimulation was delivered at high intensities, although this is unlikely (Danner et al 2014). Based on differences between indirect (spinal stimulation) and direct (F wave) latencies, scan measurements of the distance between the dura and intervertebral foramina, and simulation studies, transspinal stimulation excites the nerve roots near their exit from the spinal column, near the emergence of the axons from the anterior horn cells, or close to the entry point of the dorsal root fibers (Danner et al 2011(Danner et al , 2014Ladenbauer et al 2010;Mills and Murray 1986;Struijk et al 1993). Although the exact excitation site cannot be determined from the present experiments, impulses following transcutaneous stimulation of the spinal cord traveled caudally and rostrally, affecting both descending motor inputs and ascending afferent inputs through synaptic and nonsynaptic actions changing motor cortex output at its origin site.…”

Section: Excitation Of Neuronal Elements Upon Tsccsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrical stimulation delivered epidurally or transcutaneously to the spinal cord generates compound action potentials or transspinal evoked potentials (TEPs) in arm and leg muscles with distinct neurophysiological characteristics (Einhorn et al 2013;Knikou 2013aKnikou , 2013bKnikou , 2014Maruyama et al 1982). TEPs are mediated mostly by direct nonsynaptic activation of motoneurons and indirect transsynaptic excitation of descending projections and local spinal interneuron circuits (Maruyama et al 1982;Sharpe and Jackson 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEPs are mediated mostly by direct nonsynaptic activation of motoneurons and indirect transsynaptic excitation of descending projections and local spinal interneuron circuits (Maruyama et al 1982;Sharpe and Jackson 2014). In people with spinal cord injury, current delivered transcutaneously or via epidural stimulation increases motor activity of paralyzed muscles (Harkema et al 2011;Jilge et al 2004), induces rhythmic locomotor-like motor activity (Minassian et al 2007), and entrains output of previously silent muscles during roboticdriven assisted stepping (Minassian et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transspinal constant-current long-lasting stimulation: a new method to induce cortical and corticospinal plasticity

Knikou

Dixon

Santora

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The F-F bypass circuit including a membrane oxygenator was primed basically with lactated Ringer's solution (1000ml), 20% mannitol (40g), 25% albumin (25 g), 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (80 mEq), urinastatin (250000U), poloxamer-188 (42ml), and heparin (30 mg). Activated coagulation time was adjusted to 400-600 s during F-F bypass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal function monitoring by evoked spinal cord potentials in aortic aneurysm surgery

et al. 1995

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Evoked spinal cord potentials (ESCPs) were monitored in 12 patients who underwent repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm with a high risk of spinal ischemia. A pair of bipolar catheter electrodes were introduced into the epidural space, one at the level of the C5-T2 vertebrae and the other at the level of T11-L2. Conductive mixed ESCP in seven patients, conductive sensory ESCP in one patient, and segmental descending ESCP in three patients were observed by applying a rectangular electric current to one of each pair of epidural electrodes and recording through the other. Segmental ESCP in response to posterior tibial nerve stimulation was observed in one patient. Following aortic cross-clamping, the I wave of conductive mixed ESCPs gradually decreased in amplitude with latency prolongation in five of the seven patients and disappeared in one of these five; transient augmentation of amplitude was observed before eventual decline in four of these five patients. The N wave of segmental descending ESCP subsequently flattened in two of the three patients and the N1 wave of segmental ESCP in the one patient. Three of the four patients in whom the ESCPs disappeared during aorta clamping recovered the ESCPs after declamping and showed no neurological disorders postoperatively. Intraoperative ESCP monitoring appears to be useful to detect spinal cord ischemia in the early stage and to alert surgeons and anesthesiologists so that timely resuscitative steps can be taken.

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Human spinal cord potentials evoked by different sources of stimulation and conduction velocities along the cord.

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Epidural Recordings of Electrical Events Produced in the Spinal Cord by Segmental, Ascending and Descending Volleys

Epidural Recordings of Electrical Events Produced in the Spinal Cord by Segmental, Ascending and Descending Volleys

Transspinal constant-current long-lasting stimulation: a new method to induce cortical and corticospinal plasticity

Spinal function monitoring by evoked spinal cord potentials in aortic aneurysm surgery

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