Human System Responses to Disaster

Drabek, Thomas E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4960-3

Cited by 733 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…In particular, there is a significant positive impact of membership in statewide LEPC associations, which means that relationships among peer organizations are important in enhancing LEPC effectiveness [53]. These observations are consistent with previous investigations indicating a need to avoid "top-down" approaches to emergency planning [20,63]. This is not to say federal efforts are unimportant; only that support from state agencies and networks of LEPCs representing multiple jurisdictions also make significant contributions to organizational effectiveness and should not be overlooked.…”

Section: Federal and State Guidancesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Unfortunately, environmental hazard management has been documented repeatedly to be a low priority for local government [20,49,68] because it conflicts with local bureaucratic and political processes [89]. This conflict arises because it is relatively improbable that an incident will occur in any given year or, more directly to the point, during the tenure in office of those local officials who must allocate resources [6,88].…”

Section: Key Issues Identified By the Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community innovation in hazardous materials management: progress in implementing SARA Title III in the United States

Lindell

Perry

2001

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA Title III) established a new federal approach to managing toxic chemical hazards. This legislation required industry to disclose the type and quantity of such chemicals and also required the establishment of state and local government organizations to receive those data, evaluate community vulnerability, develop local emergency response plans, and communicate with the public. This paper reviews the law's historical context and empirical studies of its implementation. The available evidence suggests that significant progress has been made in reducing chemical hazards but there is considerable variation across jurisdictions in the effectiveness of the law's implementation. The research results reviewed here suggest a variety of ways in which SARA Title III implementation can be improved.

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Section: Federal and State Guidancesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Key Issues Identified By the Controversymentioning

confidence: 99%

Community innovation in hazardous materials management: progress in implementing SARA Title III in the United States

Lindell

Perry

2001

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…As a corollary of this view, the study of disasters was until recently an isolated specialty, unrelated to wider theoretical developments in mainstream sociology (Tierney, 2007), and concerned mainly with issues regarding responses to disaster (Drabek, 1986), and especially the management of its consequences. It was in anthropology, particularly through the work of Hoffman and Oliver-Smith (1999) and Oliver-Smith and Hoffman (2002a), that natural disasters came to be understood as "happenings humans themselves to some degree construct" and that many "socio-cultural elements [are] entangled within the vortex of [natural] catastrophe" (Hoffman & Oliver-Smith, 1999, p. 2).…”

Section: Current Issues In the Study Of Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current sociological theories and issues in tourism

Cohen

2012

Annals of Tourism Research

414

232

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“…People may reduce within-group relationships in response to stress to protect limited information and resources and increase ties outside their group with others to connect with nonredundant resources (Ramirez-Sanchez and Pinkerton 2009). Natural hazard events also influence social structure, in some cases leading to social cohesion within communities (Dynes 1970, Dynes and Quarantelli 1971, Drabeck 1986, and in other cases leading to social conflict (Cuthbertson and Nigg 1987, Carroll et al 2005, Tierney 2007, Yoon 2009), especially in economically and socially stratified groups (Cutter 2006) competing for resources (Peacock and Ragsdale 1997). Institutions and policies can impose social structure on people, shaping the kinds of social processes people engage in, for example, by bringing people who otherwise would not associate with each other together in patterns of interaction that promote social cohesion or learning (Mandarano 2009, Muñoz-Erickson et al 2010.…”

Section: Influences On Network Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity to adapt to environmental change: evidence from a network of organizations concerned with increasing wildfire risk

Fischer¹,

Jasny²

2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Because wildfire size and frequency are expected to increase in many forested areas in the United States, organizations involved in forest and wildfire management could arguably benefit from working together and sharing information to develop strategies for how to adapt to this increasing risk. Social capital theory suggests that actors in cohesive networks are positioned to build trust and mutual understanding of problems and act collectively to address these problems, and that actors engaged with diverse partners are positioned to access new information and resources that are important for innovation and complex problem solving. We investigated the patterns of interaction within a network of organizations involved in forest and wildfire management in Oregon, USA, for evidence of structural conditions that create opportunities for collective action and learning. We used descriptive statistical analysis of social network data gathered through interviews to characterize the structure of the network and exponential random graph modeling to identify key factors in the formation of network ties. We interpreted our findings through the lens of social capital theory to identify implications for the network's capacity to engage in collective action and complex problem-solving about how to adapt to environmental change. We found that tendencies to associate with others with similar management goals, geographic emphases, and attitudes toward wildfire were strong mechanisms shaping network structure, potentially constraining interactions among organizations with diverse information and resources and limiting opportunities for learning and complex problem-solving needed for adaptation. In particular, we found that organizations with fire protection and forest restoration goals comprised distinct networks despite sharing concern about the problem of increasing wildfire risk.

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Human System Responses to Disaster

Cited by 733 publications

References 0 publications

Community innovation in hazardous materials management: progress in implementing SARA Title III in the United States

Community innovation in hazardous materials management: progress in implementing SARA Title III in the United States

Current sociological theories and issues in tourism

Capacity to adapt to environmental change: evidence from a network of organizations concerned with increasing wildfire risk

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