Human T Lymphotropic virus-1 associated gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in Peru

Canelo-Aybar, Carlos; Cuadra‐Urteaga, José Luis; Atencia, Fernando; Romaní, Franco

doi:10.3855/jidc.1030

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While most infected patients remain asymptomatic carriers, approximately 5% of infected patients develop ATL and suffer from opportunistic infections because of cellular immunodeficiency [1]. Although there are some reports suggesting that HTLV-1 carriers are also prone to bacterial or fungal infections [2] [3] [4] [5], their immunological states have not been elucidated compared with that of ATL patients. In this report, we presented an HTLV-1 carrier who developed NTM infection and PcP simultaneously, and showed cellular compositional changes similar to ATL patients in her bone marrow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with Mycobacterium intracellulare and Pneumocystis jirovecii with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

Uda¹,

Shiotsu²,

Omura³

et al. 2017

OJRD

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Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in the southern part of Japan. Infection of the virus can cause adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), while most infected individuals remain in a carrier state for a long period of time. Although rare cases of carriers, like ATL patients, who developed opportunistic infections, have been reported, hematological changes of carriers who are prone to opportunistic infections have not been well defined. Here, we present a case of an HTLV-1 carrier who developed Mycobacterium intracellulare infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) simultaneously. Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cells revealed an aberrant compositional change similar to that in ATL patients. This suggests the presence of a pre-ATL state prior to the development of ATL, which is notable in terms of underlying cellular immunodeficiency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with Mycobacterium intracellulare and Pneumocystis jirovecii with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

Uda¹,

Shiotsu²,

Omura³

et al. 2017

OJRD

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“…The mortality of PDH can be as high as 85% in untreated patients, and 25% despite a standard "adequate" therapeutic regimen. Severe gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in Peru (97), spinal cord histoplasmoma (98) brain granulomas and lymphoma associated with several other opportunistic infections (99) have been reported in HTLV-1 co-infected individuals, but no conclusive evidence of an association between HTLV-1 and histoplasmosis outcome was provided (100).…”

Section: Does Htlv-1 Impact the Pathology Of Co-infection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 and Co-infections

Rosadas

Taylor

2022

Front. Med.

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Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes lifelong T-cell infection in humans, impacting the host immune response. This virus causes a range of clinical manifestations, from inflammatory conditions, including neuronal damage (HTLV-1 associated myelopathy, HAM) to life-threatening leukemia (adult T-cell leukemia, ATL). Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 is also associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, but the mechanisms remain unclear. As a blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection (STI), HTLV-1 shares transmission routes to many other pathogens and although it has worldwide distribution, it affects mainly those in low- and middle-income tropical areas, where the prevalence of other infectious agents is high. These factors contribute to a high incidence of co-infections in people living with HTLV-1 (PLHTLV). This comprehensive review addresses the impact of HTLV-1 on several co-infections and vice-versa. There is evidence of higher rates of HTLV-1 infection in association with other blood borne (HCV, HBV) and sexually transmitted (Syphilis, Chlamydia, HPV, HSV) infections but whether this represents increased susceptibility or opportunity is unclear. Higher frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) and Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) is observed in PLHTLV. Reports of opportunistic infections and high frequency of crusted scabies in patients with HTLV-1 points to immune impairment in those individuals. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 may influence the persistence of pathogens, exemplified by the higher rates of Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis (St. stercoralis) treatment failure observed in PLHTLV. This retrovirus is also associated with increased tuberculosis (TB) severity with some evidence pointing to a deleterious impact on leprosy outcome as well. These findings are supported by immune alterations observed in those co-infected individuals. Although the role of HTLV-1 in HCV outcome is debatable, most data indicate that HTLV may negatively impact the clinical course of hepatitis C. Co-infections may also influence the risk of developing HTLV-1 associated disease, but data are still limited. The impact of HTLV-1 on the response to more common infections, might contribute to the increased mortality rate of HTLV-1. Large scale prospective controlled studies on the prevalence and impact of HTLV-1 in co-infections and vice-versa are needed. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 impact in public health is broad. Measures to increase awareness and to prevent new infections are needed.

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“…We have read with interest the case report of severe gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in a patient infected with Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) by Canelo Aybar and colleagues [1]. In this case report, a possible link between these entities is suggested, but no conclusive evidence of a true association is provided.…”

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confidence: 99%

A probable association between HTLV-1 and endemic mycosis in Latin America

Leon

Alave

Bustamante

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Human T Lymphotropic virus-1 associated gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in Peru

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

HTLV-1 and Co-infections

A probable association between HTLV-1 and endemic mycosis in Latin America

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Human T Lymphotropic virus-1 associated gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in Peru

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium intracellulare&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/i&gt; with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium intracellulare&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/i&gt; with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

HTLV-1 and Co-infections

A probable association between HTLV-1 and endemic mycosis in Latin America

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Product

Resources

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A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with <i>Mycobacterium intracellulare</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> with a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells