Human thrust in aquatic environment: The effect of post-activation potentiation on flutter kick

Ng, Felicia Sze Jing; Yam, Jia Wen; Lum, Danny; Barbosa, Tiago M.

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2019.10.001

Cited by 15 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, the bootstrapped 95CI clearly shifted to the right, denoting an obvious increase in thrust production after PAP condition. A significant enhancement of kicking trust by 15% (0.40 < d < 0.66) was also reported in flutter kick after PAP conditioning sets consisting of unloaded countermovement jumps 16 . Hence, the relative improvement and standardised effect of PAP on arm-pull is similar to kicking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Thus, it begs the question why there is a disproportional improvement in performance and thrust. In a study on the effect of PAP on flutter kick, thrust improved by 15% and performance ~10% 16 . It seems the efficiency of the transfer of thrust into speed is larger for kicking than for performing arm-pulls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were randomly assigned to perform two different warm-ups in a crossover manner: (1) non-PAP (control condition) and (2) PAP (experimental condition). Latency period between each warm-up and carrying out in-water testing was set at 8 minutes 16,22,41 . For instance, it was compared the effects of PAP on swim start (time to 15 m) after ~15 s, 4, 8, 12 and 16 minutes in a group of international sprint swimmer.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best option fulfilling these criteria is placing sensors on the propelling limbs of humans. A few studies have reported the use of differential pressure sensors [14][15][16] . Some of the procedures using differential pressure sensors are time-consuming, encompassing a heavy set-up, constraining the swimmer's technique and a taxing data handling 14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human swimming, PAP may help to enhance the sprinting performance [21][22][23] ; with mostly small effects sizes 24 . One study reported that PAP can induce an increase in the flutter kick thrust 16 . However, human kicking contributes to just 10-15% of overall swim speed [25][26][27] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arm-pull thrust in human swimming and the effect of post-activation potentiation

Barbosa

Yam

Lum

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The aim of this study was to analyse the front-crawl arm-pull kinetics and kinematics, comparing it before and after post-activation potentiation (PAP), and the associations between variables describing of the arm-pull kinetics. Twelve male competitive swimmers were randomly assigned to perform two different warm-ups in a crossover manner: (i) non-PAP (control condition); and (ii) PAP (experimental condition). PAP consisted of 2 × 5 arm-pulls with resistance bands by both upper-limbs. Eight minutes later, participants underwent a 25 m all-out trial in front-crawl arm-pull. Kinetics (i.e., peak thrust, mean thrust and thrust-time integral) and kinematics (i.e., speed and speed fluctuation) were collected by an in-house customised system composed of differential pressure sensors, speedometer and underwater camera. There was a significant and large improvement of the arm-pull kinetics after completing the warm-up with PAP sets (0.010 < P < 0.054, 0.50 < d < 0.74). There were non-significant and small effects of PAP on speed (P = 0.307, d = 0.18) and speed fluctuation (P = 0.498, d = 0.04). Correlation coefficients among kinetic variables were significant with large associations (0.51 < R < 0.90, 0.001 < P < 0.088). In conclusion, warm-ups including PAP conditioning sets elicit a large improvement in the thrust, but with small improvement in performance. Variables used to characterise thrust are strongly correlated and hence can be used interchangeably.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%