Human Utilization of Dehydroascorbic Acid

Sabry, Jean H.; Fisher, Katherine H.; Dodds, Mary L.

doi:10.1093/jn/64.3.457

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The presence of DHA in foods containing vitamin C due to oxidation has been widely acknowledged and several decades ago, it was found that DHA could indeed substitute vitamin C in humans [18] , [19] , [20] ; findings that have been repeated in recent years as well [21] . Even though the uptake mechanisms differ with ascorbate being actively taken up by the sodium dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs) and DHA utilizing facilitated diffusion into cells through the glucose transporters (GLUT), the ability of cells to almost instantly reduce DHA back to ascorbate suggests that DHA would indeed be expected to be as effective as ascorbate [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-dehydroascorbic acid can substitute l-ascorbic acid as dietary vitamin C source in guinea pigs

2016

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Vitamin C deficiency globally affects several hundred million people and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in numerous studies. In this study, bioavailability of the oxidized form of vitamin C (l-dehydroascorbic acid or DHA)—commonly found in vitamin C containing food products prone to oxidation—was studied. Our aim was to compare tissue accumulation of vitamin C in guinea pigs receiving different oral doses of either ascorbate or DHA. In all tissues tested (plasma, liver, spleen, lung, adrenal glands, kidney, muscle, heart, and brain), only sporadic differences in vitamin C accumulation from ascorbate or DHA were observed except for the lowest dose of DHA (0.25 mg/ml in the drinking water), where approximately half of the tissues had slightly yet significantly less vitamin C accumulation than from the ascorbate source. As these results contradicted data from rats, we continued to explore the ability to recycle DHA in blood, liver and intestine in guinea pigs, rats and mice. These investigations revealed that guinea pigs have similar recycling capacity in red blood cells as observed in humans, while rats and mice do not have near the same ability to reduce DHA in erythrocytes. In liver and intestinal homogenates, guinea pigs also showed a significantly higher ability to recycle DHA compared to rats and mice. These data demonstrate that DHA in guinea pigs—as in humans—is almost as effective as ascorbate as vitamin C source when it comes to taking up and storing vitamin C and further suggest that the guinea pig is superior to other rodents in modeling human vitamin C homeostasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

l-dehydroascorbic acid can substitute l-ascorbic acid as dietary vitamin C source in guinea pigs

2016

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“…While only present in negligible amounts in the blood of healthy individuals [17,33], intestinal concentrations are presumably much higher, most likely due to the absence of intracellular recycling and relatively higher concentration in foodstuffs. This may explain the repeated finding of similar bioavailability of ASC and DHA as vitC sources [2,34,35,36]. Moreover, this could explain the observation of equal absorption rates of ascorbic and erythorbic acid from the intestine as dehydroerythorbic acid would be expected to pass through glucose transporters.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Of Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin C

2019

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The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C (vitC) is indeed complex. Regulated primarily by a family of saturable sodium dependent vitC transporters (SVCTs), the absorption and elimination are highly dose-dependent. Moreover, the tissue specific expression levels and subtypes of these SVCTs result in a compartmentalized distribution pattern with a diverse range of organ concentrations of vitC at homeostasis ranging from about 0.2 mM in the muscle and heart, and up to 10 mM in the brain and adrenal gland. The homeostasis of vitC is influenced by several factors, including genetic polymorphisms and environmental and lifestyle factors such as smoking and diet, as well as diseases. Going from physiological to pharmacological doses, vitC pharmacokinetics change from zero to first order, rendering the precise calculation of dosing regimens in, for example, cancer and sepsis treatment possible. Unfortunately, the complex pharmacokinetics of vitC has often been overlooked in the design of intervention studies, giving rise to misinterpretations and erroneous conclusions. The present review outlines the diverse aspects of vitC pharmacokinetics and examines how they affect vitC homeostasis under a variety of conditions.

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“…DHA can prevent scurvy [282,283] but to a lesser extent than ascorbic acid [256,284]. Two controversial articles [284,285] highlights the depletion of vitamin C plasma levels in the U.S. population and concludes that it is advisable to promote the consumption of orange juice with a greater amount of AA, i.e., as the frozen concentrate, instead of ready-to-serve juices, have a lower content of AA, while retaining a similar vitamin C content.…”

Section: Malo and Wilsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and the Role of Citrus Juices as Functional Food

Martí

Mena

Cánovas

et al. 2009

Natural Product Communications

112

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The literature on the content and stability of vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) in citrus juices in relation to industrial practices is reviewed. The role of vitamin C from citrus juices in human diet is also reviewed. Citrus fruits and juices are rich in several types of bioactive compounds. Their antioxidant activity and related benefits derive not only from vitamin C but also from other phytochemicals, mainly flavonoids. During juice processing, temperature and oxygen are the main factors responsible for vitamin C losses. Non-thermal processed juices retain higher levels of vitamin C, but economic factors apparently delay the use of such methods in the citrus industry. Regarding packing material, vitamin C in fruit juice is quite stable when stored in metal or glass containers, whereas juice stored in plastic bottles has a much shorter shelf-life. The limiting step for vitamin C absorption in humans is transcellular active transport across the intestinal wall where AA may be oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), which is easily transported across the cell membrane and immediately reduced back to AA by two major pathways. AA bioavailability in the presence of flavonoids has yielded controversial results. Whereas flavonoids seem to inhibit intestinal absorption of AA, some studies have shown that AA in citrus extract was more available than synthetic ascorbic acid alone. DHAA is reported to possess equivalent biological activity to AA, so recent studies often consider the vitamin C activity in the diet as the sum of AA plus DHAA. However, this claimed equivalence should be carefully reexamined. Humans are one of the few species lacking the enzyme (L-gulonolactone oxidase, GLO) to convert glucose to vitamin C. It has been suggested that this is due to a mutation that provided a survival advantage to early primates, since GLO produces toxic H 2 O 2. Furthermore, the high concentration of AA (and DHAA) in neural tissues could have been the key factor that caused primates (vertebrates with relative big brain) to lose the capacity to synthesize vitamin C. Oxidative damage has many pathological implications in human health, and AA may play a central role in maintaining the metabolic antioxidant response. The abundance of citrus juices in the Mediterranean diet may provide the main dietary source for natural vitamin C.

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Human Utilization of Dehydroascorbic Acid

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

l-dehydroascorbic acid can substitute l-ascorbic acid as dietary vitamin C source in guinea pigs

l-dehydroascorbic acid can substitute l-ascorbic acid as dietary vitamin C source in guinea pigs

The Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin C

Vitamin C and the Role of Citrus Juices as Functional Food

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