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Iron and zinc status of 56 Seventh-Day Adventist Canadian women (mean age 52.9 +/- 15.3 yr) following vegetarian diets for 19 +/- 17 yr were investigated. Energy, protein, iron, available iron, zinc, and total dietary fiber intakes were calculated from 3-day dietary records. Hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, serum and hair zinc concentrations were also determined. Plant products provided 92 and 77% of the total dietary iron and zinc intakes, respectively. Calculated mean daily intakes (+/- SD) for energy, protein, iron, zinc, and total dietary fiber were 1630 +/- 354 kcal, 58 +/- 14 g, 12.5 +/- 3.0 mg, 9.2 +/- 2.5 mg, and 30.9 +/- 11.0 g, respectively. Mean hemoglobin (13.1 +/- 1.0 g/dl), calculated serum transferrin saturation (37.5 +/- 12.9%), mean serum zinc (99 +/- 24 microgram/dl), and hair zinc concentrations (187 +/- 44 ppm) were all within the normal range. The iron and zinc status of these long-term Seventh-Day Adventist vegetarian women appeared adequate despite their low intake of readily absorbed iron and zinc from flesh foods and their high intake of total dietary fiber and phytate.

ABSTRACT. This study examined food consumption patterns of native (Indian and Metis) Canadians living in a boreal forest area with good access to both store-bought and country foods (traditional foods from the land, such as wild animals, birds, fish and berries). Frequency of use by season of 48 country foods by 120 households was examined by interview with the female household head. Wenty-four-hour recalls of individual food consumption on four separate days over two seasons were obtained by interview with 178 persons (71 males, 107 females) age 13-86 years, and the mean values per person were used to represent their usual intakes. The mean reported household frequency of use (number of occasions per year) was as follows: all country foods 319, including large mammals 128, berries 63, fish 62, birds 32, and small mammals 27. The upper quintile of households used country food two and one-half times more often than the sample as a whole. Recalls of individual food consumption showed that country food was consumed on average 4.2 times per week and averaged 0.5 kg per week. Country meat, birds and fish accounted for one-third of the total consumption of meat, birds and fish. Young people consumed less country food than did their elders. Thus, country food constitutes an important part of the food supply, especially of meat and fish of many native people of this region. Key words: country food, food consumption patterns, Indians, Metis, native Canadians RÉSUMJ?. Cette étude se penche sur les schémas de consommation alimentaire des autochtones canadiens (Indiens et Métis) qui vivent dans une zone de la forêt boréale et possedent un accès facile à la fois aux aliments achetés en magasin et aux aliments recueillis dans la nature (aliments traditionnels provenant de l'environnement même, comme animaux sauvages, oiseaux, poissons et baies). La fréquence saisonnitre d'utilisation de 48 aliments provenant de la chasse, de la pêche et de la cueillette, dans 120 foyers a été ,déterminée lors d'interviews avec la maîtresse du foyer. Des données sur la consommation alimentaire individuelle recueillies sur 24 heures durant quatre journées non consécutives réparties sur deux saisons, ont été obtenues lors d'interviews avec 178 personnes (71 de sexe masculin, 107 de sexe féminin), âgées de 13 à 86 ans, et les valeurs moyennes par personne ont été utilistes pour représenter leurs consommations habituelles. La fréquence d'utilisation moyenne rapportée par foyer (le nombre de fois où l'aliment est consomme dans une année) était la suivante: tous les aliments provenant de la chasse, de la pêche et de la cueillette, 319 -ce qui inclut les gros mammifères (128); les baies, 63; le poisson, 62; les oiseaux 32, et les petits mammiftres, 27. Le quintile supérieur des foyers utilisait des aliments provenant de la chasse, de la pêche et de la cueillette deux fois et demie plus souvent que I'échantillon en général. Les données de consommation alimentaire individuelle ont montré que les aliments provenant directement de la nature (chasse, pêch...

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