Humans “in the Loop”?

Mellamphy, Nandita Biswas

doi:10.3167/nc.2020.160102

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…One response to concerns of bias in teachable agents and AI tutors, then, is to hand more control to individual students and teachers (Amorim et al, 2018). Many AI ethicists have begun advocating a human-in-the-loop model in which a human supervises the process of machine learning, providing corrective feedback to help the systems deal with the complexity of real social situations and correcting for algorithmic biases (Mellamphy, 2021). Given that the inner processes of neural networks are often obfuscated even from their designers, the potential points for intervening typically involve using specific datasets or changing the evaluation criteria (Burrell, 2016).…”

Section: Directions and Challenges Of Ai In Education: Implications A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

AI, Concepts of Intelligence, and Chatbots: The “Figure of Man,” the Rise of Emotion, and Future Visions of Education

Baker,

Mills,

McDonald

et al. 2023

Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education

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Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been implemented across all levels of education, with the rapid developments of chatbots and AI language models, like ChatGPT, demonstrating the urgent need to conceptualize the key debates and their implications for a new era of learning and assessment. This adoption occurs in a context where AI is dramatically remapping “the human,” the purposes of schooling, and pedagogy. Focus of Study: The paper examines how different formulations of “human” became interwoven with the sliding signifier of “intelligence” through a series of violent exclusions, and how the shifting contour of “intelligence” produces uneven and unjust ontological scales undergirding both education and AI fields. Its purpose is to engage the education research community in dialogue about biases, the nature of ethics, and decision-making concerning AI in education. Research Design: This paper adapts a historical-philosophical method. It traces the effects of colonialism and racialization within humanism’s emergence through Sylvia Wynter’s historiography of “figure of Man,” especially via the invention of “intelligence,” which has linked education and computer science. It also investigates themes central to modern education such as justice, equity, and in/exclusion through a philosophical examination of the ontological scales of “human.” Conclusions: After outlining how “intelligence” has shifted from reason-as-morality to concepts of natural intelligence, we argue that current examples of AI in Education (AIEd), like classroom chatbots and social agents, constitute an intermediary point in the arc toward a new computational superintelligence—the emergence of man3—illustrating the opportunities, risks, and ethical issues in pedagogical applications based on emotion. We outline three differing visions of AIEd’s future, concluding with a series of provocations (onto-epistemological, practice-based, and purposes of schooling) that exceed such models and that, given rapid innovations in machine learning, require urgent consideration from multiple stakeholders.

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Section: Directions and Challenges Of Ai In Education: Implications A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

AI, Concepts of Intelligence, and Chatbots: The “Figure of Man,” the Rise of Emotion, and Future Visions of Education

Baker,

Mills,

McDonald

et al. 2023

Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In practice, there are three approaches in designing the human-technology relationship in the decision-making process: the human can be kept “in the loop”, “on the loop” or “off the loop”/“out of the loop” (Ivanov, 2021; Mellamphy, 2021). Figure 1 presents the three options graphically and points out the relationships between the human and the AA, the level of human involvement in the decision-making process, a human’s dependence on AA and the ownership of the responsibility for the decision outcome.…”

Section: Humans “In” “On” and “Out Of The Loop” In Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated decision-making

Иванов

2022

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse three decision-making approaches that involve humans and artificial autonomous agents, namely, human “in the loop”, “on the loop” and “out of the loop” and identifies the decision characteristics that determine the choice of a decision-making approach. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper that analyses the relationships between the human and the artificial autonomous agents in the decision-making process from the perspectives of the agency theory, sustainability, legislation, economics and operations management. Findings The paper concludes that the human “out of the loop” approach is most suitable for quick, standardised, frequent decisions with low negative consequences of a wrong decision by the artificial intelligence taken within a well-defined context. Complex decisions with high outcome uncertainty that involve significant ethical issues require human participation in the form of a human “in the loop” or “on the loop” approach. Decisions that require high transparency need to be left to humans. Originality/value The paper evaluates the decision-making approaches from the perspectives of the agency theory, sustainability, legislation, economics and operations management and identifies the decision characteristics that determine the choice of a decision-making approach.

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Re-imagining Current AI Ethics Policy Debates: A View from the Ethics of Technology

Ruttkamp-Bloem

2022

Artificial Intelligence Research

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Humans “in the Loop”?

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

AI, Concepts of Intelligence, and Chatbots: The “Figure of Man,” the Rise of Emotion, and Future Visions of Education

AI, Concepts of Intelligence, and Chatbots: The “Figure of Man,” the Rise of Emotion, and Future Visions of Education

Automated decision-making

Re-imagining Current AI Ethics Policy Debates: A View from the Ethics of Technology

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