Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Turkey Poults Infected with Turkey Coronavirus

Loa, Chien Chang; Lin, Tsang-Long; Wu, Ching Ching; Bryan, Thomas; Thacker, H. L.; Hooper, Tom; Schrader, Donna

doi:10.1093/ps/80.10.1416

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…With IBV in chickens, newly hatched chicks with high levels of maternal antibody against IBV, specifically against the S1 glycoprotein, are protected against homologous IBV challenge at 1 day old; however, this protection is correlated with local respiratory antibodies and not serum antibodies (Mondal & Naqi, 2001 (Gomaa et al, 2008b;Gomaa, unpublished data). Concordant results were reported when the serological response to TCoV was measured with an antibody capture ELISA using a mixture of seven IBV strains as coating antigen (Loa et al, 2001). In 28-day-old birds, a significant serological response was detected in eight out of eight challenged birds at 10 d.p.i.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…When given a virulent TCoV challenge at 20 d.p.i., poults exposed to TCoV at 2 days of age did not demonstrate any clinical signs nor did they demonstrate any evidence of endogenous replication of TCoV. Perhaps locally available antibody in the intestinal tract and known cellular immune responses to TCoV (Loa et al, 2001) were able to protect poults against the effects of avirulent challenge with TCoV at 20 d.p.i., even if poults were infected at 2 days of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virus shedding and serum antibody responses during experimental turkey coronavirus infections in young turkey poults

et al. 2009

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The course of turkey coronavirus (TCoV) infection in young turkey poults was examined using a field isolate (TCoV-MG10) from a diarrhoeal disease outbreak on a commercial turkey farm in Ontario, Canada. Twoday-old and 28-day-old poults were inoculated orally with TCoV-MG10 to examine the effect of age on viral shedding and serum antibody responses to the virus. The presence of coronavirus particles measuring 105.8921.8 nm in the cloacal contents was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. The pattern of cloacal TCoV shedding was examined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nucleocapsid gene fragment. TCoV serum antibody responses were assessed with two recently developed TCoV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that used TCoV nucleocapsid and S1 polypeptides as coating antigens. Poults were found equally susceptible to TCoV infection at 2 days of age and at 4 weeks of age, and turkeys of either age shed virus in their faeces starting as early as 1 day post-inoculation and up to 17 days post-inoculation. Poults infected at 2 days of age were immunologically protected against subsequent challenge at 20 days post-inoculation. The protection was associated with measurable serum antibody responses to both the nucleocapsid and S1 structural proteins of TCoV that were detectable as early as 1 week post-infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus shedding and serum antibody responses during experimental turkey coronavirus infections in young turkey poults

et al. 2009

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“…Consequently, several vaccines have been urgently developed (21)(22)(23). Studies of the immune response to coronaviruses suggest that both humoral and cellular immunity contribute to protection (61)(62)(63)(64). Recently, existence of memory CTLs against SSp-1, S978, and S1203 epitopes was reported in SARS-recovered patients over 1 year postinfection, and dual roles of CTLs in control of virus replication and immunopathology of acute SARS-CoV infection were suggested (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus-Specific CTL Epitopes

Zhou

De-sheng

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

107

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly contagious and life-threatening disease that emerged in China in November 2002. A novel SARS-associated coronavirus was identified as its principal etiologic agent; however, the immunopathogenesis of SARS and the role of special CTLs in virus clearance are still largely uncharacterized. In this study, potential HLA-A*0201-restricted spike (S) and nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides were selected from an online database and screened for potential CTL epitopes by in vitro refolding and T2 cell-stabilization assays. The antigenicity of nine peptides which could refold with HLA-A*0201 molecules was assessed with an IFN-γ ELISPOT assay to determine the capacity to stimulate CTLs from PBMCs of HLA-A2+ SARS-recovered donors. A novel HLA-A*0201-restricted decameric epitope P15 (S411–420, KLPDDFMGCV) derived from the S protein was identified and found to localize within the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor-binding region of the S1 domain. P15 could significantly enhance the expression of HLA-A*0201 molecules on the T2 cell surface, stimulate IFN-γ-producing CTLs from the PBMCs of former SARS patients, and induce specific CTLs from P15-immunized HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice in vivo. Furthermore, significant P15-specific CTLs were induced from HLA-A2.1-transgenic mice immunized by a DNA vaccine encoding the S protein; suggesting that P15 was a naturally processed epitope. Thus, P15 may be a novel SARS-associated coronavirus-specific CTL epitope and a potential target for characterization of virus control mechanisms and evaluation of candidate SARS vaccines.

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“…The 50% embryo infectious dose (EID 50 ) was calculated by the method of Reed and Muench (1938). An innoculum containing 2.0 × 10 4 EID 50 of TCoV/1 mL was prepared and stored at −86°C to be used in the experimental infection protocol (Loa et al, 2001).…”

Section: Virus Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an Immunohistochemistry Assay to Detect Turkey Coronavirus: A Rapid and Simple Screening Tool for Limited Resource Settings

et al. 2008

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The objective of the present study was to develop and apply the direct immunohistochemistry (D-IHC) assay to search for turkey coronavirus (TCoV) antigens in formalin-fixed embedded-paraffin tissues by the use of biotin-labeled polyclonal antibody. Twenty-eight-day-old embryonated turkey eggs (n = 50) were inoculated with TCoV-purified virus, and 3 d after inoculation, sections from ileum, ileum-cecal junction, and ceca were harvested, fixed in neutral formalin, and embedded in paraffin blocks and used as positive control. In addition, a total of 100 field samples from ileum, ileum-cecal junction, and ceca, collected from 30 to 45-d-old turkeys poults experiencing an outbreak of acute enteritis, were used to search for TCoV by the same D-IHC. All results were compared with those obtained by conventional RT-PCR and indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) for all tested samples. Turkey coronavirus was detected in experimentally infected embryo tissues and also in field samples in 100% of ileum-cecal junction and ceca by the 3 detection procedures. With IFA as a reference assay, sensitivity and specificity of D-IHC were 98 and 58%, whereas sensitivity and specificity of reverse transcription-PCR were 96 and 66%, calculated from the total of tested samples from experimental infection. Each of the examined procedures was highly specific (D-IHC, 93%; RT-PCR, 90%), sensitive (D-IHC, 85%; RT-PCR, 86%), and agreement of both D-IHC and RT-PCR was 99 and 100%, respectively, compared with IFA results obtained from all the field samples. These findings demonstrated the utility of D-IHC for direct detection of TCoV from field samples and considering the sensitivity and specificity found here, can be used as an alternative technique.

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Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Turkey Poults Infected with Turkey Coronavirus

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Virus shedding and serum antibody responses during experimental turkey coronavirus infections in young turkey poults

Virus shedding and serum antibody responses during experimental turkey coronavirus infections in young turkey poults

Screening and Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus-Specific CTL Epitopes

Validation of an Immunohistochemistry Assay to Detect Turkey Coronavirus: A Rapid and Simple Screening Tool for Limited Resource Settings

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