Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Humans Studied at the Cell Level from Birth to Two Years of Age

Andersson, Ulf; Bird, A. G.; Britton, Sven; Palacios, Ronald

doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1981.tb00440.x

Cited by 176 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In contrast, T-cell-dependent antibody responses in mice begin after 2 weeks and do not reach adult levels until 6-8 weeks of age (174 (173). On the other hand, a case has been made that deficient B-cell function during the first several years of life is due to a B-cell defect or immaturity rather than to a negative influence by T-suppressor cells or monocytes (172,175). In any event, it has been postulated that the greater susceptibility of human newborns to certain bacterial infections is due to deficient B-cell function, particularly because of the delay in production of IgG and IgA antibodies (172 (180,182).…”

Section: Comparison Of Similarities and Differences Between Humans Anmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…IgD-and IgA-bearing cells are found at 12 weeks of gestation (dp = 0.15). Adult levels of B lymphocytes bearing slg of all classes are reached by [14][15] weeks of gestation (dp = 0.35) (172 (173). In fetal mice, B cells expressing sIg appear in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow on day 17 (dp = 0.85) (6), which represents an approximate 3-fold delay compared to the human.…”

Section: Comparison Of Similarities and Differences Between Humans Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of the murine and human immune system: differential effects of immunotoxicants depend on time of exposure.

Holladay

Smialowicz

2000

Environ Health Perspect

238

177

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Fetal and early postnatal life represent critical periods in vertebrate immune system development. Disruption of such development by perinatal immunotoxic chemical exposure has been widely described in experimental animal models. The resultant inhibited postnatal immune responses in such animals are often more dramatic and persistent than those after exposure during adult life. Further, recent reports suggest that prenatal exposure to immunotoxicants may exacerbate postnatal aberrant immune responses (e.g., hypersensitivity disorders and autoimmune disease) in genetically predisposed rodents. Limited information is available regarding the possibility of inhibited postnatal immune capacity in humans as a result of developmental immunotoxicant exposure. The multifactorial nature of hypersensitivity and autoimmune responses will further complicate the elucidation of possible relationships between chemical exposure during ontogeny of the human immune system and immune-mediated disease later in life. Taken together, however, the available animal data suggest the potential for altered postnatal immune function in humans exposed to immunotoxicants (e.g., environmental chemicals and therapeutic agents) during fetal and/or early postnatal life.

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Section: Comparison Of Similarities and Differences Between Humans Anmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Comparison Of Similarities and Differences Between Humans Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the murine and human immune system: differential effects of immunotoxicants depend on time of exposure.

Holladay

Smialowicz

2000

Environ Health Perspect

238

177

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“…If IgA plasma cell infiltration in KD is the result of stimulation of the systemic IgA immune response, the IgA Abs produced may be oligoclonal as a result of Ag stimulation, or polyclonal as a result of generalized B cell activation or a response to a superantigen. In young infants, polyclonal stimulation of peripheral blood induces B cells to secrete predominately IgM, with fewer cells secreting IgG and only very few secreting IgA (28,31). A predominant IgA immune response is also unlikely to be the result of stimulation of B cells by a superantigen; B cell superantigens appear to bind preferentially to the framework regions of germline immunoglobulins, and are thus more likely to bind to the IgM repertoire because it generally contains less somatic hypermutation than does the IgG and IgA repertoire (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligoclonal IgA Response in the Vascular Wall in Acute Kawasaki Disease

Rowley

Shulman

Spike

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

182

113

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Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a potentially fatal acute vasculitis of childhood. Although KD is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed nations, its pathogenesis remains unknown. We previously reported the novel observation that IgA plasma cells infiltrate the vascular wall in acute KD. We have now examined the clonality of this IgA response in vascular tissue from three fatal cases of KD to determine whether it is oligoclonal, suggesting an Ag-driven process, or polyclonal, suggesting nonspecific B cell activation or a response to a superantigen. We first sequenced VDJ junctions of 44 α genes isolated from a primary, unamplified KD vascular cDNA library. Five sets of clonally related α sequences were identified, comprising 34% (15 of 44) of the isolated α sequences. Furthermore, point mutations consistent with somatic mutation were detected in the related sequences. Next, using formalin-fixed coronary arteries from two additional fatal KD cases, we sequenced VDJ junctions of α genes isolated by RT-PCR, and a restricted pattern of CDR3 usage was observed in both. We conclude that the vascular IgA response in acute KD is oligoclonal. The identification of an oligoclonal IgA response in KD strongly suggests that the immune response to this important childhood illness is Ag-driven.

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“…24 In humans, during fetal development the B cell populations show distinct phenotypes at different tissue sites. Besides conventional B cells (CD20 + , CD24 + , CD5 − ) in fetal liver and bone marrow a significant fraction of fetal splenocytes are CD5 + B-lymphocytes.…”

Section: Immunologic Characterization Of Cord Blood B-lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotypic and functional characterization of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells

Pálóczi

1999

Leukemia

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Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Humans Studied at the Cell Level from Birth to Two Years of Age

Cited by 176 publications

References 65 publications

Development of the murine and human immune system: differential effects of immunotoxicants depend on time of exposure.

Development of the murine and human immune system: differential effects of immunotoxicants depend on time of exposure.

Oligoclonal IgA Response in the Vascular Wall in Acute Kawasaki Disease

Immunophenotypic and functional characterization of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells

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