Humoral immune response to Covid-19 vaccination in diabetes: age-dependent but independent of type of diabetes and glycaemic control – the prospective COVAC-DM cohort study

Sourij, Caren; Tripolt, Norbert J.; Aziz, Faisal; Aberer, Felix; Forstner, Patrick; Obermayer, Anna; Kojzar, Harald; Kleinhappl, Barbara; Pferschy, Peter N.; Mader, Julia K.; Cvirn, Gerhard; Goswami, Nandu; Wachsmuth, Nadine; Eckstein, Max L.; Müller, Alexander; Lenz, Jacqueline; Steinberger, Michaela; Knoll, Lisa A.; Krause, Robert; Stradner, Martin; Schlenke, Peter; Sareban, Nazanin; Prietl, Barbara; Kaser, Susanne; Moser, Othmar; Steinmetz, Ivo; Sourij, Harald

doi:10.1101/2021.11.05.21265849

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This finding is in line with our previous observation of the humoral immune response following the second COVID-19 vaccination, which was similar in people with and without diabetes, 6 but in contrast to another study suggesting a reduced immune response in people with diabetes, 8 which used the GenScript SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test in contrast to the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS CoV-2 S assay targeting the RBD in our study, which might explain the difference in the finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our research group previously showed that humoral immune response 2‐3 weeks after the second COVID‐19 vaccination is similar in people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and healthy controls, 6 irrespective of glycaemic control. Recent data suggest that anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein (SARS‐CoV‐2S) antibody levels decline more rapidly in people with diabetes; however, it remains unclear if there is a difference between people with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and if glycaemic control impacts the decline 7 …”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The ‘Immune response to COVID‐19 vaccination in people with Diabetes Mellitus—COVAC‐DM’ study prospectively investigated the impact of diabetes and glycaemic control on humoral immune responses 6 . In the main study we included adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, aged 18‐80 years, who were diagnosed with diabetes prior to receiving a COVID‐19 vaccine and were willing to give written informed consent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Hence COVID-19 vaccination is not only recommended with priority in people with diabetes, it has also been shown to be effective in people with diabetes. 4,5 Our research group previously showed that humoral immune response 2-3 weeks after the second COVID-19 vaccination is similar in people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and healthy controls, 6…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody level decline is more pronounced after the second vaccination, but response to the third vaccination is similar in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls: The prospective COVAC‐DM cohort study

Sourij

Aziz

Kojzar

et al. 2022

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Up to 1 June 2022, almost 12 billion vaccine doses for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were administered worldwide. 1 People with diabetes were more probable to be hospitalized for COVID-19 and were observed to have in-hospital mortality as high as 25%. 2,3 Hence COVID-19 vaccination is not only recommended with priority in people with diabetes, it has also been shown to be effective in people with diabetes. 4,5 Our research group previously showed that humoral immune response 2-3 weeks after the second COVID-19 vaccination is similar in people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and healthy controls, 6

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody level decline is more pronounced after the second vaccination, but response to the third vaccination is similar in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls: The prospective COVAC‐DM cohort study

Sourij

Aziz

Kojzar

et al. 2022

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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“…A previous report included 81 people with type 2 diabetes and found lower IgG and neutralising titers in this group [28]. In contrast, another report included a mixture of 150 people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes found no decline in IgG post-vaccination in diabetics [29]. However, vaccine efficacy appears to be maintained despite lower antibody responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in New Zealand adults

Priddy

Williams²,

Carson³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundThere is very little known about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune responses in New Zealand populations at greatest risk for serious COVID-19 disease.MethodsThis prospective cohort study assessed immunogenicity in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine recipients in New Zealand without previous COVID-19, with enrichment for Māori, Pacific peoples, older adults ≥ 65 years of age, and those with co-morbidities. Serum samples were analysed at baseline and 28 days after second dose for presence of quantitative anti-S IgG by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and for neutralizing capacity against Wuhan, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 strains using a surrogate viral neutralisation assay.Results285 adults with median age of 52 years were included. 55% were female, 30% were Māori, 28% were Pacific peoples, and 26% were ≥65 years of age. Obesity, cardiac and pulmonary disease and diabetes were more common than in the general population. All participants received 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. At 28 days after second vaccination, 99.6% seroconverted to the vaccine, and anti-S IgG and neutralising antibody levels were high across gender and ethnic groups. IgG and neutralising responses declined with age. Lower responses were associated with age ≥75 and diabetes, but not BMI. The ability to neutralise the Omicron BA.1 variant in vitro was severely diminished but maintained against other variants of concern.ConclusionsVaccine antibody responses to BNT162b2 were generally robust and consistent with international data in this COVID-19 naïve cohort with representation of key populations at risk for COVID-19 morbidity. Subsequent data on response to boosters, durability of responses and cellular immune responses should be assessed with attention to elderly adults and diabetics.

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Reduced early response to SARS‐CoV2 vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a 6 months follow‐up study: The CoVaDiab study I

D’Onofrio

Fogolari

Amendolara

et al. 2022

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Introduction Diabetes mellitus worsens the prognosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and vaccination has been the major tool for reducing the risk of hospitalisation, and mortality. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in subjects with diabetes and controls. Differences between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes and clinical determinants of vaccination response were also evaluated. Methods 128 subjects with diabetes (60 with T1D and 62 with T2D) and 202 subjects acting as controls who completed a full vaccination cycle with two doses of mRNA vaccine were enroled. People with previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were excluded. Antibodies (Ab) directed against the spike protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 were evaluated at one and 6 months after vaccination. Results In the whole cohort, the Ab level was higher among women than in men ( p = 0.011) and negatively correlated with age (rho = −0.155, p = 0.005). Subjects with diabetes showed decreased levels of Ab after one month compared to controls (1217[747–1887]BAU/mL vs. 1477[942–2556]BAU/mL, p = 0.002), even after correction for age and gender ( p = 0.002). No difference was found between subjects with T1D and T2D. After 6 months, antibody levels significantly decreased in people with and without diabetes, with no differences between groups, although some subjects were lost at follow‐up. In subjects with diabetes, only a significant correlation was found between Ab level and renal function (rho 0.190, p = 0.042). Conclusions Both T1D and T2D are associated with a reduced early response to vaccination. The serum concentration of Ab significantly reduced over time in both groups, highlighting the relevance of vaccination boosters independently of the presence of diabetes.

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Humoral immune response to Covid-19 vaccination in diabetes: age-dependent but independent of type of diabetes and glycaemic control – the prospective COVAC-DM cohort study

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody level decline is more pronounced after the second vaccination, but response to the third vaccination is similar in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls: The prospective COVAC‐DM cohort study

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody level decline is more pronounced after the second vaccination, but response to the third vaccination is similar in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls: The prospective COVAC‐DM cohort study

Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in New Zealand adults

Reduced early response to SARS‐CoV2 vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a 6 months follow‐up study: The CoVaDiab study I

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