Humoral immunity against tick-borne encephalitis virus following manifest disease and active immunization

Klockmann, U.; Bock, Hans L.; Kwasny, H.; Praus, Michaela; Cihlova, V.; Tomková, E; K, Krivanec

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(91)90315-w

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…prior to the booster immunization) and 21 days later. The immunogenicity was measured by a neutralization test (NT) as previously described (Klockmann et al, 1991;Zent et al, 2003a). In addition, the sera samples were analysed by a commercially available ELISA test (Enzygnost s Anti-TBE Virus, Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Immunogenicity Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccination after prolonged time intervals to primary immunization with the rapid schedule

Schöndorf¹,

Schönfeld²,

Nicolay³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Section: Immunogenicity Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccination after prolonged time intervals to primary immunization with the rapid schedule

Schöndorf¹,

Schönfeld²,

Nicolay³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Lethality of WE-TBEV found in Europe is o2%, but post-encephalitic syndrome is seen in over 40% of the infected patients, often severely impairing their quality of life (Gu¨nther et al, 1997). Antiviral treatment is currently lacking, although two vaccines are available that effectively prevent TBEV infection (Heinz et al, 1980;Klockmann et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-borne encephalitis virus natural foci emerge in western Sweden

Brinkley

Nolskog

Golovljova

et al. 2008

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Our data therefore indicate that in the case of TBEV, the quantity of neutralizing TBEV Abs in IVIG is directly correlated to the endemicity of the pathogen. The high TBEV NT 50 titers obtained for EU-IVIG likely reflect the high TBEV immunization rate of 88% in Austria (13), the 16% vaccination coverage in the Czech Republic (7), and possibly asymptomatic infection of the respective plasma donor population, which has been shown to induce neutralizing Abs against TBEV at a level equivalent to that of a completed three-part vaccination scheme (16). In contrast, US-IVIG has no TBEV neutralizing antibody capacity, which reflects the lack of TBEV circulation in this country.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Different Immunoglobulin Preparations

Rabel¹,

Planitzer²,

Farcet³

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Patients with primary immunodeficiency (PIDs) depend on the presence of a variety of antibody specificities in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Using the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), geographic variability in IVIG antibody content was shown. Care should therefore be exercised when treating PIDs in a given geography, as only locally sourced plasma contains the antibody specificities against the circulating pathogens in the given locality. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) contains the pooled antibodies (Abs) from at least 3,000 to 60,000 healthy blood and plasma donors (10). One of the main areas of IVIG application is as Ab replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PIDs) (22). These persons critically depend on the presence of a variety of antibody specificities in IVIG, which ensures continued protection against any infectious agent they might encounter. As IVIG is manufactured from the variable resource human plasma, lot-to-lot variation in Ab levels of IVIG products are inevitable and have been reported (18). In addition, the Ab content in IVIG differs depending on the geographic origin of the plasma that was used in manufacture: U.S.-sourced (US-IVIG) or European Union-sourced (EU-IVIG) IVIG contains significantly different Ab levels against hepatitis A virus (8, 21), West Nile virus (WNV) (25), cytomegalovirus (21,27), and the different echovirus serotypes (24), with some evidence of a difference in Ab content for measles and rubella (21). The reason for this geographic variability in IVIG Ab content is often not clear, yet one of the more obvious variables affecting the quantity and specificity of Abs in IVIG is the endemicity of a pathogen, where a change in the temporal or geographic pattern of virus circulation affects the antibody content of the final IVIG. When a virus or microbial agent is expanding its geographical range, exposure of the formerly naïve population to this novel agent is reflected in the Ab content of IVIG. This was demonstrated, e.g., for US-IVIG after the introduction of WNV into the United States in 1999 (4,25,31) and recently also for EU-IVIG, where increasing WNV-neutralizing Ab titers were detected in EU-IVIG lots manufactured after 2009, even though no human WNV infections have yet been reported from the countries in which the plasma was sourced (31).To further increase the understanding of the geographical difference in IVIG Ab content, we determined the neutralizing Ab titers of IVIG preparations for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). This member of the Flaviviridae, for which three subtypes (European, Siberian, and Far Eastern) are distinguished, may cause tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a potentially serious neurological disease with high fever and encephalitis (33), while 70 to 95% of human infections in regions in which the virus is endemic are either subclinical or totally asymptomatic (12). During the last 30 years, TBE morbidity has increased by 400% in Europe (36), and TBEV is currently expanding from its geographical range in Central...

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Humoral immunity against tick-borne encephalitis virus following manifest disease and active immunization

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Response to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccination after prolonged time intervals to primary immunization with the rapid schedule

Response to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccination after prolonged time intervals to primary immunization with the rapid schedule

Tick-borne encephalitis virus natural foci emerge in western Sweden

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Different Immunoglobulin Preparations

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