Humoral Mechanisms of Atherogenesis

Batuca, Joana R.; Amaral, Marta; Alves, José Delgado

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04747.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…Our finding agrees with the suggestion that higher estrogen levels usually associate with the production of auto-antibodies. 74,75 The results of our study demonstrated sex hormones and prolactin levels and metabolism are different in female SLE patients compared to healthy subjects. It seems, low serum levels of testosterone, DHEA-S and progesterone and high serum levels of estradiol and prolactin could be related to higher SLE disease activity, increase of thrombotic risks and higher renal complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sex Hormones and Prolactin Levels and Their Association with Anti Cardiolipin Antibody in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Raeisi

Zare

Kansestani

et al. 2018

IJAAI

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Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is complex and multi-factorial. Among various suggested mechanisms for the disease, the hormonal theory has been considered as one of the most important mechanisms. Recently, the association of sex hormones with manifestations of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS) has been hypothesized. The aim of present study was to assess the serum levels of anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), sex hormones and prolactin in SLE female patients and their association with the disease. This study comprised 40 SLE female patients and 41 healthy age-matched female subjects. For all patients and controls, the serum levels of ACA (IgG and IgM), estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and prolactin were measured by ELISA method. Our study revealed that serum levels of testosterone, DHEA-S and progesterone were significantly lower in SLE patients than control (p<0.001). However, serum levels of estradiol and prolactin were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to controls (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between mild and moderate severity patients group for ACA positivity (95% CI 13.67-41.3; p=0.03). Also, SLE patients with positive ACA showed significantly lower (p<0.001) serum levels of testosterone, DHEA-S and progesterone and significantly higher (p<0.001) estradiol and prolactin serum levels compared to negative ACA patients. The results of our study indicated that expression and metabolism of sex hormones and prolactin are different in female SLE patients compared to healthy subjects. It seems, change in serum levels of these hormones is related to higher SLE disease activity, increased thrombotic risks and increased renal involvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Sex Hormones and Prolactin Levels and Their Association with Anti Cardiolipin Antibody in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Raeisi

Zare

Kansestani

et al. 2018

IJAAI

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“…This result partially disagrees with the notion that higher estrogen levels usually associate with the production of autoantibodies. 12 This observation is relevant, considering that both estrogen defi ciency and ACA are related to the risk for atherosclerotic disease. So far, the association between hypoestrogenism and the presence of ACA in premenopausal women with SLE has not been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,16 A study published in 2008 17 investigated the in vitro effect of estrogen on apoptosis of endothelial cells in culture, demonstrating that estrogen inhibits, although incompletely, apoptosis induced by TNF-α and oxidized LDL. Thus, a possible explanation for the association of low estradiol levels and the presence of ACA would be the increased activation of endothelial apoptosis caused by the low endogenous estrogen levels, leading to increased exposure to endothelial and even subendothelial antigens, such as oxidized LDL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactina, estradiol e anticorpos anticardiolipina em amostra de mulheres pré-menopáusicas com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: estudo-piloto

Tiskievicz

Mallmann²,

Brenol

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Reumatol.

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Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, with higher prevalence in women. An incidence peak occurs during the reproductive years, suggesting that estradiol may play a role in the clinical presentation of SLE. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS), but can be found in patients with SLE without APLS, and relate to cardiovascular risk and nephrite. Objective: This study aimed at assessing whether the presence of ACA is associated with hormonal changes in a sample of women with SLE. Methods: Forty-seven women diagnosed with SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, aged 30.8 ± 8.12 years, were evaluated. None was on hormonal contraception, and their SLE activity was estimated using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Patients were stratifi ed, according to the presence or absence of ACA, and estradiol and prolactin levels were measured. Results: Nine (19.1%) of 47 patients were positive for ACA. No differences were found between groups concerning age, duration of disease, and SLEDAI. In contrast, the median estradiol level was lower in the ACA-positive group [46.8 (21.0-72.1) pg/mL] than in the ACA-negative group [122.3 (64.8-172.7) pg/mL, P = 0.004]. Conclusion: These results suggest, for the fi rst time, an inverse association between ACA and estradiol levels in premenopausal SLE patients. Considering that both lower endogenous estradiol levels and ACA positivity are related to atherosclerosis, our fi nding may be clinically relevant in predicting cardiovascular risk and/or APLS development in SLE.

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Increased local cytokine production at culprit superficial femoral artery plaques

Donaldson

Schneider

Bertges

et al. 2013

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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Characterization of local inflammation at culprit superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenosis has not been studied. We hypothesized that arterial cytokine concentrations would be greater at sites of stenosis. Twenty patients with ≥50 % angiographic stenosis of the SFA had blood drawn just proximal to the lesion and from a contralateral site free of disease. A microplate immunoassay was used to determine the concentrations of 42 distinct cytokines and growth factors. Exact conditional logistic analysis was used to compare measures at the two sites with interaction terms describing clinical factors used to identify difference mediators. Interaction terms identified clinical factors that could predict cytokine levels. The concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L; mean 212 and 177 pg/ml, p = 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-B; mean 16.6 and 15.9 pg/ml, p = 0.04) were increased immediately proximal to areas of stenosis. Factors associated with greater concentrations at sites of stenosis were bilateral ankle-brachial index ≤0.90 (p = 0.04), no statin use (p = 0.02), claudication (p = 0.03), low leukocyte count (p = 0.03), absence of limb ischemia (p = 0.04) and lack of aspirin or clopidogrel therapy (p ≤ 0.06). Greater concentrations of sCD40L and TNF-B at sites of stenosis suggest that these cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of symptomatic SFA disease. Our results also suggest that statin, aspirin and clopidogrel therapy may attenuate localized inflammation in the SFA, though due to a small sample size and the use of multiple comparisons across groups, these findings can be viewed as hypothesis generating only. In conclusion, selected cytokines are heightened at culprit SFA lesions and inflammation may be modulated by statin and antiplatelet therapy.

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Humoral Mechanisms of Atherogenesis

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

Sex Hormones and Prolactin Levels and Their Association with Anti Cardiolipin Antibody in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Sex Hormones and Prolactin Levels and Their Association with Anti Cardiolipin Antibody in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Prolactina, estradiol e anticorpos anticardiolipina em amostra de mulheres pré-menopáusicas com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: estudo-piloto

Increased local cytokine production at culprit superficial femoral artery plaques

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