Hunter-gatherer pit-houses in Stone Age Estonia

Khrustaleva, Irina; Roog, Raido; Холкина, Маргарита Алексеевна; Крийска, Айвар

doi:10.1007/s12520-020-01018-0

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1), with only six Comb Ware stage sites known along more than 200km of northern coast, four of which have been excavated. While the Comb Ware settlements of Tallinn Vabaduse väljak and Kunda Lammasmägi clearly bear a seasonal character, the archaeological record of the settlement site of Jägala Jõesuu V between them features remnants of a Comb Ware period pit-house together with numerous and diverse finds (Khrustaleva et al 2020). Settlement patterns and pottery use along the Northern coast definitely deserve further research.…”

Section: Sites (Red Dots) and Stray Finds (Black Dots) Discovered In The Southern Study Area Together With Coastlines In 3500 Cal Bc (Lanmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Besides assemblage diversity, funerals (Kriiska 2007) and pit-houses (Khrustaleva et al 2020 and references therein) have been interpreted as markers of sedentariness. Further insights could be gained by spatial analysis and research into site structure (Kent 1991).…”

Section: Fig 6 the Findspots Of The Massu I-v Sites Together With Paleocoastlines For 4500 Cal Bc (Yellow) 4000 Cal Bc (End Of The Narva mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeological Traces of Hunter-gatherer Seasonal Occupation in Western Coastal Estonia from the Second Half of the 6th Millennium to the End of the 3rd Millennium BC

Sander

Крийска

2021

Doc. praeh.

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Results of archaeological surveys of paleocoastlines in the Western Estonian Lowland are discussed with paleogeographic reconstructions. Mapped sites and stray finds can be dated to the period between the end of the Pre-Pottery Mesolithic and the end of the Neolithic (roughly 5300–2000 cal BC). Uniquely for Estonia and neighbouring countries in this time frame, the overwhelming majority of the sites are aceramic (and the rest feature very few pottery finds) and the find diversity is otherwise low, too. The findings are interpreted as traces of seasonal occupation and mobility, for the first time demonstrated in the Eastern Baltics on such a large scale.

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Section: Sites (Red Dots) and Stray Finds (Black Dots) Discovered In The Southern Study Area Together With Coastlines In 3500 Cal Bc (Lanmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Fig 6 the Findspots Of The Massu I-v Sites Together With Paleocoastlines For 4500 Cal Bc (Yellow) 4000 Cal Bc (End Of The Narva mentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological Traces of Hunter-gatherer Seasonal Occupation in Western Coastal Estonia from the Second Half of the 6th Millennium to the End of the 3rd Millennium BC

Sander

Крийска

2021

Doc. praeh.

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“…Stone Age pit-houses are rare finds, especially in Estonia and Ingria, where only nine of them are known and associated with different cultures (Khrustaleva et al 2020). Of the 91 known settlements of the Comb Ware culture in this area (Gerasimov 2019;Sikk et al 2020.93), the remains of a dwelling were only revealed at one other site besides Lommi III, namely at the Jägala Jõesuu V site in northern Estonia.…”

Section: Fig 7 Lommi III Horizontal and Vertical Outlines Of The Pit-house Drawn According To The Concentration Of Artefacts The Size Of mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to published data and excluding the pit-houses of Scandinavia, more than 350 buildings have been excavated in this area, includ-ing over 310 in Finland, Karelia and the Baltic countries (Gurina 1967.22-30;Girininkas 1994.212;Ostrauskas 2001.180-181;Pesonen 2002.14, 30-31;Zhulnikov 2003;Filatova 2004.23-50;Grasis 2010;Juodagalvis 2016.71, Figs. 8, 9;Marcinkevi-≠iūtė 2016.61-63;πatavi≠ius 2016.27, 32, 37-38;Kriiska et al 2016;Rostedt, Kriiska 2019;Khrustaleva et al 2020) and about 40 in the forested part of western area of European Russia (excluding Karelia) (Oshibkina 1978.106-107;Koltsov 1985;Vereschagina et al 1995;Koltsov, Zhilin 1999.11-44;Polkovnikova 2003;Leonova 2004;Mazurkevich et al 2012;Zimina 2014;Khrustaleva 2016).…”

Section: Fig 7 Lommi III Horizontal and Vertical Outlines Of The Pit-house Drawn According To The Concentration Of Artefacts The Size Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

From a Concentration of Finds to Stone Age Architecture

Khrustaleva¹,

Крийска²

2021

Doc. praeh.

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High-quality documentation that was made during fieldwork at archaeological sites can provide new information for old excavations, even decades later. The revision of the archival data of the Stone Age settlement site Lommi III, located in the border zone of Russia and Estonia and excavated by Richard Indreko in 1940, allowed us to identify the remains of a Comb Ware culture (4th millennium cal BC) pit-house based on the concentration of artefacts marked in the field drawings. The rectangular shape and size of the concentration (c. 7.1x4.4m, depth 0.7–0.75m) corresponds to the architectural form common in the European forest zone and has numerous analogies at the settlement sites of that time in Finland, Karelia (Russia) and Estonia. The composition and diversity of the finds and their distribution indicate the (semi-)sedentary way of life of inhabitants of the pit-house. The radiocarbon age obtained from the organic crust on pottery fragments collected in the pit-house corresponds to the first half of 4th millennium cal BC.

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“…Nordqvist & Kriiska, 2015;Nordqvist & Mökkönen, 2017), and its wide distribution area covers large areas of modern-day north-western Russia, Finland, and the Baltic States. Known especially for their rich 'amber burials' (Zagorska, 2001;Zagorskis, 2004, p. 75;Nilsson Stutz et al, 2013;Ahola, 2019) and semisubterranean houses (Mökkönen, 2011;Khrustaleva et al, 2020), these people might also have practised small-scale cultivation (Kriiska, 2009, pp. 165-168;Alenius et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materialising the Social Relationships of Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological and Geochemical Analyses of 4th Millennium BC ‘Slate Ring Ornaments’ from Finland

Ahola

Holmqvist

Pesonen

2022

J Archaeol Method Theory

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During the 4th millennium BC, an intensive artefact circulation system existed among the hunter-gatherer peoples of north-eastern Europe. Along with other goods, ring-shaped ornaments that were mainly made of different kinds of slates or tuffites were commonly distributed. Although commonly referred to as ‘slate rings’, these ornaments consist mainly of fragments of rings. In this paper, we suggest that the ‘slate rings’ were never meant to be intact, complete rings, but were instead fragmented on purpose and used as tokens of social relationships relating to the gift-giving system. By refitting artefact fragments together, analysing their geochemical composition, micro details, and use-wear, we were able to prove that these items were not only intentionally fragmented but also likely worn as personal ornaments. Moreover, ED-XRF analysis of 56 of the artefacts showed a correlation between their geochemical characteristics and stylistic detailing, suggesting different production phases or batches. Comparative data analysis confirmed the provenance hypothesis that the majority of the analysed objects, or at least their raw materials, were exported over hundreds of kilometres from the Lake Onega region.

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Hunter-gatherer pit-houses in Stone Age Estonia

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Archaeological Traces of Hunter-gatherer Seasonal Occupation in Western Coastal Estonia from the Second Half of the 6th Millennium to the End of the 3rd Millennium BC

Archaeological Traces of Hunter-gatherer Seasonal Occupation in Western Coastal Estonia from the Second Half of the 6th Millennium to the End of the 3rd Millennium BC

From a Concentration of Finds to Stone Age Architecture

Materialising the Social Relationships of Hunter-Gatherers: Archaeological and Geochemical Analyses of 4th Millennium BC ‘Slate Ring Ornaments’ from Finland

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