Hurricane risk assessment for offshore wind plants

Kim, Eung-Soo; Manuel, Lance

doi:10.1177/0309524x16645482

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Lian et al investigated the wind load characteristics of OWTs under typhoon conditions with full 360‐degree wind directions considering the variations in the wind direction and different wind rotor parking positions using a 3‐D numerical simulation. Kim and Manuel carried out a framework for estimation of structural damage to offshore wind plants during hurricanes. Wei et al simulated a 5 MW turbine supported by a jacket structure, where a set of 1000 synthetic hurricane events were used to represent hurricane conditions, and the impact of wind and wave directions and structural orientation were quantified through a series of nonlinear static analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimate load design of jacket‐type offshore wind turbines under tropical cyclones

Jiang

et al. 2019

Wind Energy

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Tropical cyclones are a high risk to offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures, so the design conditions, including this risk, are necessary for tropical cyclone frequent occurrence zones. This study developed a computer program to carry out a critical ultimate load analysis and determine the optimum design for a Jacket‐type OWT support structure. The total weight of the OWT support structure after the optimal steel design with the yaw operative condition is always considerably smaller than that without for the steel design results under the loads of the GL Tropical Cyclone Technical Note (GL TCTN). This paper studies OWTs under the tropical cyclone classes 1 to 3 and the terrain categories A, to C, where the 1‐minute wind speed at 10‐m height is gradually increased from classes 1 to 3, and the surface roughness decreases from A to C. When the yaw can operate, the total steel weight consumption due to the tropical cyclone 1C, 1B, and 2C loads is lower than that for the IEC 61400‐3 loads. In the case of 1A, the overall steel consumption is only slightly higher than that of the IEC 61400‐3. However, for other conditions, the design should include the GL TCTN loads. For the yaw inoperative condition, the GL TCTN results are always largely dominant in the steel design, so the use of only the IEC 61400‐3 condition will result in extremely high risk to OWT support structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultimate load design of jacket‐type offshore wind turbines under tropical cyclones

Jiang

et al. 2019

Wind Energy

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“…Rose et al (2013) simulated the wind field of wind farms off the US coast using the Coupled Hurricane Intensity Prediction System developed by Emanuel et al (2004) and quantified the risk from hurricanes to offshore wind farms through damage to the functionality of wind turbines. They highlighted that 10% of offshore wind turbines could be shut down simultaneously owing to hurricane damage and that 6% of offshore wind turbines might be destroyed within 10 years Kim and Manuel (2016) developed a model of tropical cyclone intensity evolution and simulated the wind field of wind farms. They performed hazard assessment for wind turbines by analyzing the load distribution and the wind speed exceedance probability distribution for individual turbines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical cyclone wind hazard assessment for Donghaitang wind farm (Zhejiang Province, China): Case study

Tang²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Currently, offshore and coastal wind power resources are growing rapidly around the world, especially in China. However, systematic research on the hazard assessment of wind farms under tropical cyclone conditions remains lacking. This study simulated the wind field of tropical cyclones based on a parameterized tropical cyclone wind field model, and analyzed the characteristics of historical tropical cyclones in Donghaitang wind farm (Zhejiang, China). Four extreme tropical cyclone hazard factors including the maximum wind speed (Vmax), maximum duration of wind direction change (Tmax), maximum cumulative wind direction change (Δθmax) and maximum rate of change in wind direction (ΔDmax) were proposed and examined. Then a comprehensive hazard assessment model for wind farms based on the analytic hierarchy process was established, and the risk to the Donghaitang wind farm represented by tropical cyclones during 1949–2021 was evaluated. Results showed that the number and intensity of tropical cyclones made landfall near the coast of Donghaitang wind farm gradually increased with time, which results in a gradual increase in the composite tropical cyclone risk level of the Donghaitang wind farm with time. The numbers and risk levels of tropical cyclones traveling northwestward were much larger than those traveling northward or northeastward. Moreover, the average composite risk index for tropical cyclones passing to the left of the wind farm was 14.3% higher than that for tropical cyclones passing to the right. The large values of Vmax and ΔDmax are main reasons for the high risk of the wind farm, while the other two hazard factors (Tmax, Δθmax) proposed to account for the wind turbine backup power are also of great importance in the design, selection and operation stages of offshore wind turbines. The findings of this study could provide support for hazard assessment of offshore and coastal wind farms exposed to tropical cyclones, including macro site selection of wind farms and type selection of wind turbines.

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“…Since industrial-scale offshore wind energy development along the US East Coast began to be discussed seriously, a series of studies have sought to quantify the degree of risk posed to offshore wind farms by hurricanes. These studies have included attempts to identify appropriate structural performance levels and nonlinear structural analysis methods for offshore wind structures (Wei et al, 2014(Wei et al, , 2016, multihazard risk analyses (Hallowell et al, 2018;Kim and Manuel, 2016;Mardfekri and Gardoni, 2015;Valamanesh et al, 2015Valamanesh et al, , 2016, and analysis of wind-structure interaction (Amirinia and Jung, 2017). On the whole, these studies have shown that hurricane winds can indeed pose important risks to offshore wind turbines but that such risk can be mitigated by appropriate design approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurricane eyewall winds and structural response of wind turbines

Kapoor¹,

Ouakka

Arwade

et al. 2020

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper describes the analysis of a wind turbine and support structure subject to simulated hurricane wind fields. The hurricane wind fields, which result from a large eddy simulation of a hurricane, exhibit features such as very high gust factors (>1.7), rapid direction changes (30∘ in 30 s), and substantial veer. Wind fields including these features have not previously been used in an analysis of a wind turbine, and their effect on structural loads may be an important driver of enhanced design considerations. With a focus on blade root loads and tower base loads, the simulations show that these features of hurricane wind fields can lead to loads that are substantially in excess of those that would be predicted if wind fields with equally high mean wind speeds but without the associated direction change and veer were used in the analysis. This result, if further verified for a range of hurricane and tropical storm simulations, should provide an impetus for revisiting design standards.

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Hurricane risk assessment for offshore wind plants

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Ultimate load design of jacket‐type offshore wind turbines under tropical cyclones

Ultimate load design of jacket‐type offshore wind turbines under tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclone wind hazard assessment for Donghaitang wind farm (Zhejiang Province, China): Case study

Hurricane eyewall winds and structural response of wind turbines

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