HVDC SuperGrids with modular multilevel converters &amp;#x2014; The power transmission backbone of the future

Ahmed, Noman; Norrga, Staffan; Nee, Hans‐Peter; Haider, Arif; Hertem, Dirk Van; Zhang, Youmin; Harnefors, Lennart

doi:10.1109/ssd.2012.6198119

Cited by 79 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Protection systems must act quickly in order to isolate any DC-side fault given the very high rate of rise of fault current that is only limited by the inductance in the system. The converter topology commonly considered to be the most viable for a future cable-based HVDC network is the halfbridge Multi-level Modular Converter (MMC) [1], which feeds an uncontrolled fault current from the AC to the DC side in the event of a DC under-voltage. Fast fault protection is therefore required to protect the converter, isolate the fault and allow for power transfer to resume.…”

Section: Fault Clearance and Backup Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional current breaking capacity requirements for HVDC circuit breakers

Chaffey

Green

2015

2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

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Abstract-Circuit breakers are expected to be a vital element within any high capacity HVDC network. This paper examines the directional current breaking capacity requirements that might be seen on a typical HVDC grid, as required for the specification of backup protection. It is shown that there is a significant difference between the peak prospective fault currents observed when the current direction is analysed. Several meshed network topologies are examined in order to evaluate and quantify the characteristics of the directional breaker requirement. Results are presented determining that both the current breaking magnitude duty and the time constraint typically associated with the DC fault are both significantly different when comparing the current direction through the breaker, which may influence future breaker design.

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Section: Fault Clearance and Backup Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional current breaking capacity requirements for HVDC circuit breakers

Chaffey

Green

2015

2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

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“…They focus on the pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques [12][13][14], SM capacitor voltage balancing [15][16][17], circulating current control [18][19][20] and the SM capacitor voltage ripple reduction techniques [21][22][23]. There are also some works discussing the power loss calculation [24,25]. However, little attention has been paid to the reliability of the whole MMC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Model of MMC Considering Periodic Preventive Maintenance

Wang

Bie

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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Abstract-Periodic preventive maintenance (PPM) is a significant measure to assure reliable operation of the modular multilevel converter (MMC), but to date has always been neglected in the reliability evaluation. A mathematical reliability model of MMC considering PPM is proposed in this paper. The model is derived rigorously by the reliability function and finally described by the indices equivalent failure rate and the forced outage rate (FOR). Two operation modes related to redundant SMs are considered and described by the standby model and k-out-of-n model respectively. Employing this model, we can analyze the sensitivity of reliability to redundancy and maintenance interval and provide some reliability indices for planning, which is especially valuable for the offshore cases. The necessity of the considering PPM and the effectiveness of the proposed model are verified by case studies. A method to include PPM in reliability modeling is provided.

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“…The modular multilevel converter (MMC), first presented by Marquardt et al [1][2][3][4], has been identified as one of the prime converter candidates for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) supergrids [5,6]. In dc grid applications, however, it is essential to be able to handle dc-side short circuits efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On energy storage requirements in alternate arm converters and modular multilevel converters

Heinig

Ilves

Norrga

et al. 2016

2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'16 ECCE Europe)

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In this paper, a comparison of the energy storage requirements is performed for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) with half-bridge and full-bridge submodules as well as for the alternate arm converter (AAC). Concerning the AAC, the operational mode with overlap period is taken into account and an analytical relation between the overlap angle and the modulation index is presented. This ensures that the net energy exchange for the converter arms is zero over each half cycle.

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HVDC SuperGrids with modular multilevel converters — The power transmission backbone of the future

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

Directional current breaking capacity requirements for HVDC circuit breakers

Directional current breaking capacity requirements for HVDC circuit breakers

Reliability Model of MMC Considering Periodic Preventive Maintenance

On energy storage requirements in alternate arm converters and modular multilevel converters

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