Hyaline Membrane Disease, Birth Weight, and Gestational Age

Neonatal hypoxic risk in preterm birth infants: The influence of sex and severity of respiratory distress on cognitive recovery.

“…Table 5 reveals no significant differences between the sexes in use of diagnostic procedures such as cranial ultrasonography, in use of antenatal therapy with steroids to promote lung maturation, or in use of neonatal surfactant therapy to improve pulmonary function. In particular, the need for ventilation, the number of days during which respiratory support was needed, as well as the highest percentage of supplemental oxygen, all indices of extent of neonatal respiratory distress (e.g., Bennett, Robinson, & Sells, 1982; Low et al, 1985; Meisels, Plunkett, Pasick, Stiefel, & Roloff, 1987), did not differ between the sexes. In summary, male and female participants were similar in sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal health status, and treatment needs.…”

“…The median case did not require any ventilation and only 3 cases were ventilator dependent for more than 7 days ( M = 2.65 days on the ventilator, SD = 6.51). Eight of the 9 participants who received continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) also needed the respirator and were therefore included in the severe RDS group, in accord with criteria commonly used to classify RDS severity (e.g., Bennett et al, 1982; Low et al, 1985). A single participant who only required CPAP was included in the mild RDS group, which did not require either the ventilator or CPAP.…”

Predictors of Neurodevelopmental Outcome Following Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

“…The reported incidence of BPD varies between 5% and 70% depending on investigators' varying diagnostic criteria.1"7 Very premature infants are known to be at in¬ creased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcome, but it is not known whether the severity of pulmonary disease in infancy further increases this risk. Outcome investiga¬ tions of survivors of RDS and BPD provide differing con¬ clusions as to the neurodevelopmental performance of these populations.8"10 Some studies have shown that RDS and BPD are less important than birth weight, perinatal asphyxia, and other perinatal and neonatal events in pre¬ dicting developmental outcome.11"15 However, other studies have reported that severity of BPD is a more im¬ portant predictor of developmental performance than Accepted for publication February 13,1991 his report describes the neurodevelopmental out¬ comes at age 2 to 4 years of low-birth-weight, premature infants who experienced varying degrees of BPD. We in¬ vestigated the hypothesis that there is a direct correlation between the severity of BPD as measured by the duration of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy and the risk of suboptimal neurodevelopmental outcome.…”

Bayley Developmental Performance At Two Years Of Age Of Neonates At Risk For Hearing Loss

“…However, significant differences are not always found between preterm and term infants (O'Connor 1980, Markestad and Fitzhardinge 1981, Fox and Porges 1985, Wasserman et al 1985. Low birthweight has been found to be associated with lower Bayley scores (Bennet et al 1982, Lasky el al. 1983, Astbury et al 1986), or scores at the low end of the normal range (Markestad and Fitzhardinge 1981, Astbury et al 1983).…”

“…Preterm infants tend to receive lower scores on the mental and psychomotor scales of the test than fullterm babies (Bennet et al 1982, Barnard and Bee 1983, Siege1 1983, Ross 1985, Watt 1986). However, significant differences are not always found between preterm and term infants (O'Connor 1980, Markestad and Fitzhardinge 1981, Fox and Porges 1985, Wasserman et al 1985.…”